High-Resolution Pixel LED Headlamps: Functional Requirement Analysis and Research Progress

Abstract

High-resolution pixel LED headlamps are lighting devices that can produce high-resolution light distribution to adapt to road and traffic conditions, intelligently illuminate traffic areas, and assist drivers. Due to the complexity of roads and traffic conditions, the functional diversity of high-resolution pixel LEDs headlamps and traffic safety has come into question and is the subject of in-depth research conducted by car manufacturers and regulators. We summarize the current possible functions of high-resolution pixel LED headlamps and analyze ways in which they could be improved. This paper also discusses the prospect of new technologies in the future.

Introducing the Electronic Knowledge Framework into the Traditional Automotive Suppliers’ Industry: From Mechanical Engineering to Mechatronics

“…Replacing traditional bulbs with LED light requires new knowledge, and when it comes to adding new functionalities, even more. There are some experts, such as Hella or Osram, that have developed a successful system, although the resolution of the images is still quite low [64]. In the Basque industry, Alkar is a lighting expert.…”

Smooth output from adaptive illumination systems with pixelated LED arrays

“…These headlights use individually dimmable LEDs in a matrix, along with projection optics, to adjust the light beams. 11,12 As the pixel resolution in LED arrays increases, these illumination systems become more versatile, 13 with state-of-the-art headlights combining adaptive lighting with camera sensors to detect oncoming traffic and road conditions. For instance, if a vehicle is detected on the left side, the corresponding part of the LED matrix is turned off.…”

Piezoelectric MEMS Mirror with Lissajous Scanning for Automobile Adaptive Laser Headlights

“…It provides drivers with high contrast and brightness visibility at night while eliminating glare that causes temporary blindness for other drivers [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Unlike traditional headlights that manually switch between low and high beam modules [ 5 ], the ADB system is built on an automotive computer vision system that regulates the spatial illumination based on the cruising speed and the traffic situation (e.g., the presence of oncoming traffic, pedestrians, traffic marks, or vehicles ahead traveling in the same direction) [ 6 ]. With recent rapid advances in computer vision recognition and solid-state light source of headlight modules, it has been technically feasible for processor-control ADB systems to serve as a crucial component of automotive electronics [ 7 ].…”

“…In parallel, recent booming progress in artificial intelligence and sensor fusion have evolved ADB systems towards highlighting road objects and projecting symbols to communicate with other traffic participants. The driver is allowed to obtain information about the vehicle’s surroundings by illumination marks, further enhancing road safety [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. As the complexity of the external environment and road conditions increases, vehicle smart headlights are constantly developing.…”