Sensitive detection of voltage transients using differential intensity surface plasmon resonance system. Optics Express, 25 (25). pp. 31552-31567. ISSN 1094-4087 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46901/8/oe-25-25-31552.pdf
Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Abstract: This paper describes theoretical and experimental study of the fundamentals of using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for label-free detection of voltage. Plasmonic voltage sensing relies on the capacitive properties of metal-electrolyte interface that are governed by electrostatic interactions between charge carriers in both phases. Externally-applied voltage leads to changes in the free electron density in the surface of the metal, shifting the SPR position. The study shows the effects of the applied voltage on the shape of the SPR curve. It also provides a comparison between the theoretical and experimental response to the applied voltage. The response is presented in a universal term that can be used to assess the voltage sensitivity of different SPR instruments. Finally, it demonstrates the capacity of the SPR system in resolving dynamic voltage signals; a detection limit of 10mV with a temporal resolution of 5ms is achievable. These findings pave the way for the use of SPR systems in the detection of electrical activity of biological cells. 56, 1495-1503 (2013). 34. R. Azzam and N. Bashara, Ellipsometry and polarized light (Elsevier science, 1987. 35. J. Zhang, T. Atay, and A. Nurmikko, "Optical detection of brain cell activity using plasmonic gold nanoparticles", Nano Lett. 9, 519-524 (2009 Düsseldorf, Germany, 15-20 September 2002, vol. 48 (Elsevier, 2003. Opt. 12, 555-563 (1973). 42. N. Tao, S. Boussaad, R. Huang, W.L.and Arechabaleta, and J. DÁgnese, "High resolution surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy," Rev. Sci. Instrum.70, 4656-4660 (1999). 43. Z. Kerner and T. Pajkossy, "On the origin of capacitance dispersion of rough electrodes," Electrochim. Acta 46, 207-211 (2000). 44. W. Wang, K. Foley, X. Shan, S. Wang, S. Eaton, V. J. Nagaraj, P. Wiktor, U. Patel, and N. Tao, "Single cells and intracellular processes studied by a plasmonic-based electrochemical impedance microscopy," Nat. Chem. 3, 249-255 (2011). 1997-2003 (2005). 46. C. Celedón, M. Flores, P. Häberle, and J. Valdés, "Surface roughness of thin gold films and its ef...