High retention rate NCA cathode powders from spray drying and flame assisted spray pyrolysis using glycerol as the solvent

Process Engineering to Increase the Layered Phase Concentration in the Immediate Products of Flame Spray Pyrolysis

“…In reality, it is extremely challenging to meet both of them simultaneously in one process, since the high-temperature curing will inevitably accelerate the lithium loss. To address the volatility of lithium, engineers sacrificed the process simplicity by adding a postannealing step. ,− We screened 6 recipes with different solution enthalpies (Table , Figure ) to identify the recipes that have the potential to deliver immediate products containing layered phase.…”

“…In those methods, precursor powders were synthesized from feed solutions using water as the pure solvent to lower the flame temperature. On the other hand, Xing group reported that by using glycerol as the solvent in the feed solution, the high flame temperature in FSP can produce small precursor powders for NCA . Although a postannealing step was still required to deliver the layered phase, the small precursor powders demonstrated improved battery performance.…”

“…On the other hand, Xing group reported that by using glycerol as the solvent in the feed solution, the high flame temperature in FSP can produce small precursor powders for NCA. 15 Although a postannealing step was still required to deliver the layered phase, the small precursor powders demonstrated improved battery performance. Kang group also utilized organic solvent in the feed solution to make the precursor powders.…”

Status and outlook for lithium-ion battery cathode material synthesis and the application of mechanistic modeling

“…Zhang et al compared the morphology of the NCA (LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 ) secondary particles synthesized through the SD and FSP technique [111]. The SD generated large hollow spheres with rough surface (figure 9(e)) while the FSP produced small size particles with relatively smooth surface (figure 9(f)).…”

“…While variety of other techniques like freeze drying, polymer-assisted, mechano-chemical, combinational annealing, electrospinning, phase inversion, supercritical fluid, ionothermal, biosynthesis exist in the literature [16,17,23,37,50]. Layered: LCO [41,42], NMC [43], NCA [14], LNO [15], Single crystal NMC [49] Spinel: LMO [16], LNM [17,18,50] Olivine: LFP [19,20], LCP [21] Molten salt [14,111,129] Spinel: LMO [16], LNM [17,18,50] Olivine: LFP [112,113], LCP [23], LMP [22,114] Different synthesis techniques discussed previously can be compiled together as shown in figure 11. Variety of options are available at each stage along the synthesis procedure.…”