High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Abstract

Colorectal, colon and rectal, cancer is the third most common malignancy in both men and women worldwide. Colorectal carcinogenesis is a complex, multistep process implicating environmental and lifestyle factors in addition to gene mutation and viral infections. On the other hand, it is well established that human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infection play a crucial role in certain types of human carcinomas including cervical and head and neck (HN); as roughly 96% and 30% of these cancers are positive for high-risk HPVs, respectively. Moreover, it has been reported that the presence of high-risk HPVs is associated with vascular invasion, lymph node metastases, and tumor size in cervical and HN cancers. Recently, several investigations pointed-out that high-risk HPVs are present in around 70% of human colorectal cancers. Likewise, our group has demonstrated that E6/E7 oncoproteins of HPV type 16 convert noninvasive and nonmetastatic human cancer cells to invasive and metastatic form. Accordingly, it is evident that high-risk HPVs are present in human colorectal cancers where they could play an important role in the development of these malignancies. In this chapter, we will discuss the presence and role of high-risk HPVs in human colorectal carcinogenesis and metastasis; particularly, the interaction between E5 and E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk HPVs in colorectal malignancies, which has been linked with the initiation and progression of these tumors.

possible role of high risk HPV infection and RPD3 overexpression in Iraqi patients with colorectal cancer

“…Finally, reveal that in human normal epithelium and tumor cells, the cooperative influence of E6 and E7 through ErbB-2 is induce by -catenin tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of pp60 (c-Src) kinase [30]. Thus, collaboration with both E6&E7 E6&E7 oncoproteins from highrisk HPVs and other oncogenes may aid in the development of colorectal cancer [31].…”

Network analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profiles in common warts

“…Like psoriasis, HPV positivity resulted in an increased risk of colorectal carcinoma, and HPV infection has been suggested to be a co-factor in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer [ 82 , 83 ]. Small population studies have shown that colorectal infection with high-risk HPV types is common in colorectal cancer patients, but large population studies have failed to replicate this finding [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]. In any case, the exact role that HPV plays in colorectal tumor carcinogenesis is remains to be determined.…”

Novel Therapeutic Agents for Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Hope for Drug Designing against Diabetes Mellitus

“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO), DM will be the seventh prime cause of death in 2030 [5]. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has figured that by 2021, 536.6 million will be living with diabetes, and by 2045, this figure is forecasted to elevate by 46%, reaching 783.2 million [6]. However, the microvascular (stroke, cardiovascular ailment, and peripheral artery disease) and macrovascular (nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy) problems are the two main chronic complications of the disease with the former having more presence than the latter [6].…”

“…The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has figured that by 2021, 536.6 million will be living with diabetes, and by 2045, this figure is forecasted to elevate by 46%, reaching 783.2 million [6]. However, the microvascular (stroke, cardiovascular ailment, and peripheral artery disease) and macrovascular (nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy) problems are the two main chronic complications of the disease with the former having more presence than the latter [6]. Owing to the high prevalence of the disease, the poor health consequences and surge in the costs of treatment make it obligatory to focus on early diagnosis with the consequent alterations in the management of DM [6].…”