High Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Foreskin in Asymptomatic Men and Patients with Phimosis

Afonso, Larissa Alves; Cordeiro, Thaissa Isaias; Carestiato, Fernanda Nahoum; Ornellas, Antônio Augusto; Alves, Gilda; Cavalcanti, Sílvia M. B.

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2015.12.096

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…20 All the 135 studied samples were submitted to this reaction regardless of generic PCR result. Amplification was carried out as previously described, 21…”

Section: Hpv Genotyping-specific Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and methylation status of p16^ink4a in penile cancer

Afonso

Carestiato

Ornellas³

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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Little is known about penile carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HPV and EBV, and the methylation status of p16 in penile cancer samples, and to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for penile cancer development. HPV DNA was detected in 63.6% of 122 cases, with HPV16 being the most prevalent type. EBV DNA was detected in 47.7%, with EBV-1 being the most prevalent type. HPV/EBV co-infections were found in 27.3% of the cases. Hypermethylation in p16 was detected in 64.5% of 110 tested cases. An association between the absence of HPV absence and p16 hypermethylation was also found. Death and/or progressive disease was associated with grade (P = 0.001), T stage (P < 0.0001), and N stage (P < 0.0001). In the multivariable model, grade and N stage were independent risk factors for disease-free survival (P = 0.008 and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients without viral infection had a median age significantly lower than that of the HPV-infected patients. We suggest at least two pathways for penile carcinogenesis, one HPV-independent linked to epigenetic events, probably via p16 inactivation; and another, dependent on HPV infection.

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“…20 All the 135 studied samples were submitted to this reaction regardless of generic PCR result. Amplification was carried out as previously described, 21…”

Section: Hpv Genotyping-specific Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and methylation status of p16^ink4a in penile cancer

Afonso

Carestiato

Ornellas³

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The origin of penile carcinoma is multifactorial, and the incidence is mainly related to poor personal hygiene, high number of sexual partners, phimosis in adulthood and infections by bacteria and viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) [ 2 , 8 – 11 ]. Phimosis is a risk factor for this carcinoma, and circumcision is considered an important factor of prevention, and countries that adopt this practice have lower prevalence of PC [ 8 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in penile carcinoma: Association with clinic pathological factors

Araújo

Paula

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundPenile carcinoma (PC) is a rare, highly mutilating disease, common in developing countries. The evolution of penile cancer includes at least two independent carcinogenic pathways, related or unrelated to HPV infection.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence, identify HPV genotypes, and correlate with clinicopathological data on penile cancer.MethodsA retrospective cohort study involving 183 patients with PC undergoing treatment in a referral hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, in Midwestern Brazil, from 2003 to 2015. Samples containing paraffin embedded tumor fragments were subjected to detection and genotyping by INNO-LiPA HPV. The clinicopathological variables were subjected to analysis with respect to HPV positivity and used prevalence ratio (PR), adjusted prevalence ratio (PRa) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as statistical measures.ResultsThe prevalence of HPV DNA in PC was 30.6% (95% CI: 24.4 to 37.6), high-risk HPV 24.9% (95% CI: 18.9 to 31.3), and 62.5% were HPV 16. There was a statistical association between the endpoints HPV infection and HPV high risk, and the variable tumor grade II-III (p = 0.025) (p = 0.040), respectively. There was no statistical difference in disease specific survival at 10 years between the HPV positive and negative patients (p = 0.143), and high and low risk HPV (p = 0.325).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HPV infection was 30.6%, and 80.3% of the genotypes were identified as preventable by anti-HPV quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccine. HPV infections and high-risk HPV were not associated with penile carcinoma prognosis in this study.

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“…275 Foreskin HPV infection is significantly higher in men with phimosis. 276 In summary, MC reduces penile infection by, and increases clearance of, high-risk HPV genotypes.…”

Section: Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Use of a single combined sample for the penis and scrotum was the likely explanation for a negative result in one study . Foreskin HPV infection is significantly higher in men with phimosis …”

Section: Physical Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review

Morris

Moreton²,

Krieger

2019

J Evidence Based Medicine

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Objective To systematically evaluate evidence against male circumcision (MC). Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Results Database searches retrieved 297 publications for inclusion. Bibliographies of these yielded 101 more. After evaluation we found: Claims that MC carries high risk were contradicted by low frequency of adverse events that were virtually all minor and easily treated with complete resolution. Claims that MC causes psychological harm were contradicted by studies finding no such harm. Claims that MC impairs sexual function and pleasure were contradicted by high‐quality studies finding no adverse effect. Claims disputing the medical benefits of MC were contradicted by a large body of high‐quality evidence indicating protection against a wide range of infections, dermatological conditions, and genital cancers in males and the female sexual partners of men. Risk‐benefit analyses reported that benefits exceed risks by 100‐200 to 1. To maximize benefits and minimize risks, the evidence supported early infant MC rather than arguments that the procedure should be delayed until males are old enough to decide for themselves. Claims that MC of minors is unethical were contradicted by balanced evaluations of ethical issues supporting the rights of children to be provided with low‐risk, high‐benefit interventions such as MC for better health. Expert evaluations of case‐law supported the legality of MC of minors. Other data demonstrated that early infant MC is cost‐saving to health systems. Conclusions Arguments opposing MC are supported mostly by low‐quality evidence and opinion, and are contradicted by strong scientific evidence.

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High Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Foreskin in Asymptomatic Men and Patients with Phimosis

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and methylation status of p16^ink4a in penile cancer

Human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and methylation status of p16^ink4a in penile cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in penile carcinoma: Association with clinic pathological factors

Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review

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High Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Foreskin in Asymptomatic Men and Patients with Phimosis

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and methylation status of p16ink4a in penile cancer

Human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and methylation status of p16ink4a in penile cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in penile carcinoma: Association with clinic pathological factors

Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review

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Human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and methylation status of p16^ink4a in penile cancer

Human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and methylation status of p16^ink4a in penile cancer