High sediment yields and cool, wet winters: Test of last glacial paleoclimates in the northern Mediterranean

Collier, Richard E. Ll.; Leeder, M. R.; Trout, Mark; Ferentinos, G.; Lyberis, Evrivriadis; Papatheodorou, George

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<999:hsyacw>2.0.co;2

Cited by 79 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…By analogy with other fluvial sequences in the region (e.g. Collier et al 2000;Demir et al 2004;Westaway et al 2006b), it is considered that aggradation of these deposits occurred primarily at times of cold climate, when the reduction of vegetation cover in upstream parts of the catchment would have brought about increased influxes of sediment into the system and relatively low ratios of discharge to sediment load, as the rainfall during such cold stages is believed to have been relatively low. Conversely, during temperate episodes, increased vegetation cover would have restricted mass-movement into the fluvial system and the associated higher rainfall would be expected to result in a higher ratio of discharge to sediment load.…”

Section: Regional Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic surface uplift, basaltic volcanism, and incision by the River Tigris around Diyarbakır, SE Turkey

Westaway

Guillou

Seyrek

et al. 2007

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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We document the staircase of terraces of the River Tigris in the Diyarbakır area of SE Turkey, in the northern Arabian Platform, and improve control on the ages of these terrace deposits by dating of overlying basalt flows using the unspiked K-Ar technique. These fluvial terraces are formed of polymict gravel, including clasts derived from the Anatolian metamorphic terrane farther north as well as of local basalt. At least 9 Tigris terraces have been recognised so far, the highest of which, *200 m above present river level, marks the local transition from stacked deposition to fluvial incision, the timing of which is bounded between the mid Late Miocene and the Middle Pliocene. Our K-Ar dating indicates a hiatus in fluvial incision in the late Early Pleistocene, as basalts dated to 1.22 ± 0.02 and 1.07 ± 0.03 Ma overlie Tigris gravels at very similar levels, *60-70 m above the present river. The lower terraces record the subsequent entrenchment of the modern Tigris valley following an increase in incision rates in the early Middle Pleistocene, evident from the disposition of younger basalt, dated to 0.43 ± 0.02 Ma, capping fluvial gravel only *21-22 m above the present river level. Numerical modelling can account for the observed uplift history, as the response to coupling between surface processes and induced flow in the lower crust, with the mobile lower-crust thin (*5-7 km thick), consistent with the known presence of a thick layer of mafic underplating at the base of the crust beneath the Arabian Platform.

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Section: Regional Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic surface uplift, basaltic volcanism, and incision by the River Tigris around Diyarbakır, SE Turkey

Westaway

Guillou

Seyrek

et al. 2007

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…Regarding MIS assignments, it is thought that that within the eastern Mediterranean region-like in western and central Europe-river terraces typically form during even-numbered cold stages of the oxygen isotope timescale, being associated with increased sediment fluxes caused by reductions in vegetation cover (e.g., Collier et al, 2000;Macklin et al, 2002). Maddy et al (2005) inferred that Gediz high terrace I formed during the MIS 38 cold stage at ∼1240 ka (or during the MIS 38-37 warming limb).…”

Section: Age Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic uplift of western Turkey: Improved dating of the Kula Quaternary volcanic field and numerical modelling of the Gediz River terrace staircase

Westaway

Guillou

Yurtmen

et al. 2006

Global and Planetary Change

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“…9). One view (Collier et al 2000) placed the Rio sill at constant depth throughout the Late Quaternary history of the Gulf, while another view considered that the Rio sill was subsiding (Perissoratis et al 2000, fig. 16), at approximately 0.06 mm a-l; both are represented on Figure 9.…”

Section: Marine Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleistocene calcified cyanobacterial mounds, Perachora Peninsula, central Greece: a controversy of growth and history

Kershaw

Guo

2006

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Pleistocene cyanobacterial mounds composed principally of flesh water branched cyanobacterium Rivularia haematites at the west end of Perachora Peninsula, eastern Gulf of Corinth, grew in water on an eroded terrace in a location where several fault systems converge near the triangular end of the peninsula, surrounded by deep water. Differential uplift due to faulting cut many mounds, which were eroded leading to caves inside mounds. Cave-fill stratigraphy reveals subsequent marine submergence, then emergence, then final marine submergence which buried mounds in MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) Stage 5e marine corals and shells. Coralline algae comprising only the euryhaline species Lithophyllum pustulatum postdate the mound frame (between branches in the mounds, and as a previously undescribed pendent growth form with microbialites as cryptic biota in caves). The mound growth phase presents a conflict of interpretation between lacustrine and marine origins. Lacustrine interpretation is favoured by mound ecology (domination by fresh water cyanobacterium Rivularia haematites) when the Gulf of Corinth was a lake (MIS Stage 6 lowstand); and euryhaline coralline alga Lithophyllum pustulatum grew only after the R. haematites growth phase was complete, presumably when marine influence developed in early 5e. However, published evidence of geochemical signatures suggest the mounds grew in the MIS 5e sea during a phase of intense expulsion of carbonate-and calcium-rich groundwaters from local faults, which diluted the sea water sufficiently to permit calcification of R. haematites in a marine setting. That scenario requires coincidence of: location of the terrace in shallow water during 5e; calcification of a fresh water cyanobacterium during only the first 5e sea-level peak, ceased before the late 5e peak and was never repeated. Lacustrine interpretation requires nonmarine calcification, but also needs a subsequent relative lake-level fall to form caves before 5e marine flooding; sea-level fluctuations within 5e could be responsible for formation of cave fill before final burial. Both interpretations are influenced by uplift rates, with the published value of c. 0.3 mm a -1 favouring the marine interpretation in Stage 5e. However, a lacustrine mound origin can be accommodated by a phase of rapid uplift in late Stage 6 to early Stage 5, then fluctuating sea-level in Stage 5e during slow uplift in a complex fault setting; after late Stage 6 to early Stage 5e, uplift rate slowed and the mounds were probably continuously exposed after 5e. For the lacustrine interpretation the debate continues about whether or not: (a) the marineaffinity geochemical signatures in R. haematites are due to alteration by 5e sea water; and (b) a variable uplift rate applies in this complex fault conjunction. However, the marine interpretation seems to require a powerful and sustained expulsion phase of groundwater across the entire end of Perachora Peninsula to dilute sea water sufficiently over a large area throughout the mound growth phase (possibly a...

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High sediment yields and cool, wet winters: Test of last glacial paleoclimates in the northern Mediterranean

Cited by 79 publications

References 17 publications

Late Cenozoic surface uplift, basaltic volcanism, and incision by the River Tigris around Diyarbakır, SE Turkey

Late Cenozoic surface uplift, basaltic volcanism, and incision by the River Tigris around Diyarbakır, SE Turkey

Late Cenozoic uplift of western Turkey: Improved dating of the Kula Quaternary volcanic field and numerical modelling of the Gediz River terrace staircase

Pleistocene calcified cyanobacterial mounds, Perachora Peninsula, central Greece: a controversy of growth and history

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