High seedling relative growth rate and specific leaf area are traits of invasive species: phylogenetically independent contrasts of woody angiosperms

Grotkopp, Eva; Rejmánek, Marcel

doi:10.3732/ajb.94.4.526

Cited by 283 publications

(280 citation statements)

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“…CGR has been used to predict the grain yield of various cereal crops, since reproductive success is highly dependent on plant size (Shipley, 2006;Grotkopp et al, 2007). Like LAI, CGR has also responded positively to a reduction in weed pressure, presumably because the reduced competition for resources meant that the crop plants were better able to out-compete the weeds (Matloob et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeded Dry Rice (Oryza sativa)

Muhammad

Sajid

et al. 2016

Planta daninha

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-Weed management is a primary concern in direct seeded rice (DSR) cropping because weed growth becomes a major constraint on crop yield. A two year field study was set up to evaluate the effect of various weed control measures on crop growth, grain yield and grain quality of DSR. The experiment involved five different weed control measures: hand weeding, hoeing, inter-row tine cultivation, inter-row spike hoeing and herbicide treatment (Nominee 100 SC). The extent of weed control (compared to a non-weeded control) ranged from 50-95%. The highest crop yield was obtained using hand weeding. Hand weeding, tine cultivation and herbicide treatment raised the number of fertile rice tillers formed per unit area and the thousand grain weight. Tine cultivation provided an effective and economical level of weed control in the DSR crop.Keywords: herbicides, direct seeded rice, grain yield, tine cultivator. Palavras-chave: herbicidas, arroz em plantio direto, rendimento de grãos, cultivo com forcado. RESUMO

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeded Dry Rice (Oryza sativa)

Muhammad

Sajid

et al. 2016

Planta daninha

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“…At the same time, plant traits related to these functions (i.e. traits related to resource capture, water use efficiency and growth rates) tend to differ between non-native and native species [12,43], and vary along gradients on these three climate variables [44]. rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil.…”

Section: (B) Climate Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, non-native species exhibit greater success than natives under increased nutrient addition [6,7], and often non-native species will increase in abundance and richness in eutrophied communities at the cost of native species [8][9][10]. This differential response of non-native and native species is related to the tendency of non-native species to have fast growth rates and rapid resource acquisition [11,12], and to exhibit greater biomass increases under increased nutrient addition [6,7]. Increased nutrient addition and climate conditions, however, can have interacting effects on the success of non-native species [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment

Flores‐Moreno

Reich

Lind

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in dynamic landscapes'. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia Ecosystem eutrophication often increases domination by non-natives and causes displacement of native taxa. However, variation in environmental conditions may affect the outcome of interactions between native and non-native taxa in environments where nutrient supply is elevated. We examined the interactive effects of eutrophication, climate variability and climate average conditions on the success of native and non-native plant species using experimental nutrient manipulations replicated at 32 grassland sites on four continents. We hypothesized that effects of nutrient addition would be greatest where climate was stable and benign, owing to reduced niche partitioning. We found that the abundance of non-native species increased with nutrient addition independent of climate; however, nutrient addition increased nonnative species richness and decreased native species richness, with these effects & 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.on May 12, 2018 http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Downloaded from dampened in warmer or wetter sites. Eutrophication also altered the time scale in which grassland invasion responded to climate, decreasing the importance of long-term climate and increasing that of annual climate. Thus, climatic conditions mediate the responses of native and non-native flora to nutrient enrichment. Our results suggest that the negative effect of nutrient addition on native abundance is decoupled from its effect on richness, and reduces the time scale of the links between climate and compositional change.

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“…Moreover, the reciprocal of LMA, the specific leaf area (SLA), is often associated with plant growth rates (Castro-Díez et al 2000). It is argued that a lower LMA/higher SLA is one of the most important traits associated with high relative growth rate, small seed mass, and invasiveness (Grotkopp and Rejmánek 2007;Hanley et al 2007;Feng et al 2008). Several invasive plant species were recorded to have lower LMA/higher SLA than their native congeners (Baruch and Goldstein 1999;Durand and Goldstein 2001;Nagel and Griffin 2001;Burns 2006;Feng et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enemies lost: parallel evolution in structural defense and tolerance to herbivory of invasive Jacobaea vulgaris

et al. 2015

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According to the Shifting Defense Hypothesis, invasive plants should trade-off their costly quantitative defense to cheaper qualitative defense and growth due to the lack of natural specialist enemies and the presence of generalist enemies in the introduced areas. Several studies showed that plant genotypes from the invasive areas had a better qualitative defense than genotypes from the native area but only a few studies have focused on the quantitative defenses and tolerance ability. We compared structural defenses, tolerance and growth between invasive and native plant populations from different continents using the model plant Jacobaea vulgaris. We examined several microscopical structure traits, toughness, amount of cell wall proteins, growth and root-shoot ratio, which is a proxy for tolerance. The results show that invasive Jacobaea vulgaris have thinner leaves, lower leaf mass area, lower leaf cell wall protein contents and a lower root-shoot ratio than native genotypes. It indicates that invasive genotypes have poorer structural defense and tolerance to herbivory but potentially higher growth compared to native genotypes. These findings are in line with the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypothesis and Shifting Defense Hypothesis. We also show that the invasiveness of this species in three geographically separated regions is consistently associated with the loss of parts of its quantitative defense and tolerance ability. The simultaneous change in quantitative defense and tolerance of the same magnitude and direction in the three invasive regions can be explained by parallel evolution. We argue that such parallel evolution might be attributed to the absence of natural enemies rather than adaptation to local abiotic factors, since climate conditions among these three regions were different. Understanding such evolutionary changes helps to understand why plant species become invasive and might be important for biological control.

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High seedling relative growth rate and specific leaf area are traits of invasive species: phylogenetically independent contrasts of woody angiosperms

Cited by 283 publications

References 50 publications

The Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeded Dry Rice (Oryza sativa)

The Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeded Dry Rice (Oryza sativa)

Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment

Enemies lost: parallel evolution in structural defense and tolerance to herbivory of invasive Jacobaea vulgaris

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