High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Relationship with Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors

Abstract

Background. Chronic inflammation is considered to be involved in the development of CVD. It is important to find a simple test that enables the identification of patients at risk and that may be used in primary care. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with selected factors—age, gender, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, vitamin D-25(OH)D, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension. Results. Statistically significant correlations were found between hsCRP and the following: age (rs = 0.304, p = 0.0000); gender (female) (p = 0.0173); BMI (rs = 0.295, p = 0.0001); waist circumference (rs = 0.250, p = 0.0007); dyslipidemia (p = 0.0159); glycemia (rs = 0.173, p = 0.0207); and significant negative correlations between hsCRP and 25(OH)D (rs = −0.203, p = 0.0065). In patients with CVD, hypertension, diabetes, or visceral obesity, hsCRP was significantly higher than in the subgroup without these disorders. There was a statistically significant relationship between hsCRP and the number of the metabolic syndrome elements (p = 0.0053). Conclusions. The hsCRP test seem to be a simple test that may be used at the primary care level to identify patients at risk of metabolic disorders, CVD, and hypertension. Vitamin D concentration may be a determining factor of systemic inflammation (it may have a modulating effect).

Inter-relationship of Pro- and Anti- inflammatory Biomarkers with the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Many studies from different populations have noted a statistically significant relationship between the concentration of CRP and the occurrence of dyslipidemia in T2DM [ 48 , 49 ]. However, according to a previous study, higher CRP levels were not associated with elevated concentrations of lipid parameters [ 50 ].…”

Assessment of Vitamin D status and association with inflammation: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project

“…A recent cross-sectional analysis of older females with periodontal diseases and a randomized trial of female adults with depressive symptoms both found no associations between vitamin D biomarkers and CRP concentrations [ 21 , 29 ]. In contrast, 2 studies of patients with cardiovascular diseases found an inverse association between vitamin D and high-sensitive CRP biomarkers [ 28 , 30 ].…”

“…A cross-sectional study of pregnant females in China indicated a modifying relationship between lipid profile, vitamin D, and CRP suggesting that high 25(OH)D concentrations prevent the rise of high-sensitive CRP induced by high concentrations of lipid biomarkers [ 34 ]. A study of US adult patients with cardiovascular diseases also found positive association between BMI and high-sensitive CRP [ 30 ], and another study of Tanzanian adult patients with tuberculosis reported a positive association between BMI and vitamin D [ 35 ]. Several mechanisms can account for the relationship between body fat, vitamin D, and inflammation such as increased uptake of vitamin D by adipose tissue, reduced sun exposure that is indispensable for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, and negative feedback loop on hepatic synthesis of vitamin D [ 36 ]; however, more studies with more sensitive measurements of body fat are needed to investigate the complex relationship between body fat, vitamin D, and inflammation.…”

“…The concentrations of 25(OH)D, CRP, and AGP were measured using several laboratory methods that are summarized for each survey in Supplemental Table 2 . Methods for CRP and AGP assessment are mostly consistent across assays owing to the availability of reference materials and external quality assessment programs [ 26 – 30 ]. We defined inflammation using CRP concentration > 5 mg/L or AGP concentration > 1 g/L [ 24 ].…”

High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein is a predictor of all‐cause mortality in a rural Japanese population

“…Advancements in methodologies have enabled the detection of hsCRP, associated with chronic non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) characterized by an activated proinflammatory state 1 . Numerous investigations have substantiated the notion that hsCRP, even when falling within the established clinical normal range, holds significance as an antecedent for the onset of hypertension, 2 type 2 diabetes, 3–5 and metabolic syndrome (MetS) 6,7 . Furthermore, it might be an autonomous prognostic factor indicative of the initial phases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8–11 .…”