High sensitivity imaging Thomson scattering for low temperature plasma

Meiden, van der H.J.; Al, R.S.; Barth, Clemens; Donné, A. J. H.; Engeln, Rah Richard; Goedheer, W. J.; Groot, de B.; Kleyn, A.W.; Koppers, W.R.; Cardozo, N.J. Lopes; Pol, van de M.J.; Prins, P.R.; Schram, D.C.; Shumack, A.; Smeets, P.H.M.; Vijvers, W.A.J.; Westerhout, J.; Wright, G.M.; Rooij, van G.J.

doi:10.1063/1.2832333

Cited by 111 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…18 Both n e and T e peak in the middle of the plasma beam and decrease with distance from the axis. Analysis shows that their radial profiles can be fitted with Gaussian curves.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reorganization of graphite surfaces into carbon micro- and nanoparticles under high flux hydrogen plasma bombardment

Bystrov

Vegt

Temmerman

et al. 2012

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Fine-grain graphite samples were exposed to high density low temperature (ne∼1020 m−3, Te∼1 eV) hydrogen plasmas in the Pilot-PSI linear plasma generator. Redeposition of eroded carbon is so strong that no external precursor gas injection is necessary for deposits to form on the exposed surface during the bombardment. In fact, up to 90% of carbon is redeposited, most noticeably in the region of the highest particle flux. The redeposits appear in the form of carbon microparticles of various sizes and structures. Discharge parameters influence the efficiency of the redeposition processes and the particle growth rate. Under favorable conditions, the growth rate reaches 0.15 μm/s. The authors used high resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to study the particle growth mode. The columnar structure of some of the large particles points toward surface growth, while observation of the spherical carbon nanoparticles indicates growth in the plasma phase. Multiple nanoparticles can agglomerate and form bigger particles. The spherical shape of the agglomerates suggests that nanoparticles coalesce in the gas phase. The erosion and redeposition patterns on the samples are likely determined by the gradients in plasma flux density and surface temperature across the surface.

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“…18 Both n e and T e peak in the middle of the plasma beam and decrease with distance from the axis. Analysis shows that their radial profiles can be fitted with Gaussian curves.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reorganization of graphite surfaces into carbon micro- and nanoparticles under high flux hydrogen plasma bombardment

Bystrov

Vegt

Temmerman

et al. 2012

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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“…Electron density and temperature of the plasma beam were determined by the Thomson scattering technique [17]. The plasma beam has a Gaussian profile with an electron density of about 3.0·10 20 m -3 in the centre and a full width half maximum of ~1 cm.…”

Section: Deuterium Implantation By Plasma Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Saturation of deuterium retention in self-damaged tungsten exposed to high-flux plasmas

Hoen¹,

Tyburska-Püschel²,

Ertl³

et al. 2012

Nucl. Fusion

103

110

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Abstract. Polycrystalline, annealed tungsten targets were bombarded with 12.3 MeV W 4+ ions to various damage levels. Deuterium was implanted by high-flux plasmas in Pilot-PSI ( >10 24 m -2 s -1 ) at a surface temperature below 525 K. Deuterium retention has been studied by Nuclear Reaction Analysis and by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy. We found that deuterium retention is strongly enhanced by the tungsten bombardment and that saturation occurs at a W 4+ fluence of about 3·10 17 m -2 . The maximum deuterium concentration in the damaged region was measured to be 1.4 at.%. This is in accordance with other experiments that were carried out at much lower fluxes. We therefore conclude that the saturation behaviour and the maximum retention are not affected by the high fluxes used in our experiments.A simple geometric model is presented that assumes that the saturation solely originates in the tungsten irradiation and that explains it in terms of overlapping saturated volumes. The saturated volume per incident MeV ion amounts to 3·10 4 nm 3 . From our results, we are able to obtain an approximate value for the average occupation number of the vacancies.

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“…In our experiments, a hydrogen plasma was generated by a cascaded arc plasma source [40] and expanded into a downstream vessel along a magnetic field of 0.4-0.8 T generated by electromagnetic field coils. The radially resolved plasma parameters were measured by a Thomson scattering system [41] 2.7 cm in front of the sample and show a typically high central electron density (>10 20 m -3 ) and an electron temperature of 1-2 eV. The plasma parameters were tuned by varying the gas flow and discharge current in the plasma source, and the magnetic field.…”

Section: Synthesis and In Situ Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast nanostructured carbon microparticle synthesis by one-step high-flux plasma processing

Aussems

Bystrov

Doğan

et al. 2017

Carbon

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This study demonstrates a fast one-step synthesis method for nanostructured carbon microparticles on graphite samples using high-flux plasma exposure. These structures are considered as potential candidates for energy applications such as Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The samples were exposed to plasmas in the linear plasma generator Pilot-PSI with an average hydrogen ion-flux of ~10 24 m -2 s -1 . The parameter window was mapped by varying the ion energy and flux, and surface temperature. The particle growth depended mainly on the sample gross-erosion and the resulting hydrocarbon concentration in the plasma. A minimum concentration was necessary to initiate particle formation. The surface of the sample was covered with microparticles with an average growth rate of 0.2 μm/s, which is significantly faster than most chemical methods. The particles were initially volumetrically grown in in the gas-phase by a multiphase process and after deposition on the sample their growth proceeded. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the core of these microparticles can be made of an

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High sensitivity imaging Thomson scattering for low temperature plasma

Cited by 111 publications

References 12 publications

Reorganization of graphite surfaces into carbon micro- and nanoparticles under high flux hydrogen plasma bombardment

Reorganization of graphite surfaces into carbon micro- and nanoparticles under high flux hydrogen plasma bombardment

Saturation of deuterium retention in self-damaged tungsten exposed to high-flux plasmas

Fast nanostructured carbon microparticle synthesis by one-step high-flux plasma processing

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