“…The proposal of a product effect in composite ME materials by combining the piezomagnetic and piezoelectric effects of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials then provided new routes towards improved ME coupling performance. Early in 1986, Pantinakis et al proposed 2-2 type ME composites based on the aforementioned product effect [25] and giant ME coefficients were gradually realized in laminated ME composites starting from the beginning of 21st century [1,6,10]. Compared with single-phase or 0-3 typed ME materials, 2-2 typed ME composites, such as a bulk ME laminates with piezoelectric phase (Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), Pb(Mg,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT)) embedded in piezomagnetic materials (FeCoSiB, FeBSiC Terfenol-D, Ni or Fe-Ga) [8] and a FeGaB/AlN thin-film ME heterostructure [26], exhibited enhanced ME coupling performance benefitting from the removal of the leakage current and the improvement of the interfacial strain transfer.…”