Abstract:Nanoprobes for combined optical and magnetic resonance imaging have tremendous potential in early cancer diagnosis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) co-doped with Gd2O3 mesoporous silica nanocomposite (Au/Gd@MCM-41) can produce pronounced contrast enhancement for T1 weighted image in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we show the remarkably high sensitivity of Au/Gd@MCM-41 to the human poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line (CNE-2) using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). The upconver… Show more
“…Several types of nanoparticles have been inquiring for several imaging applications which include biomolecules,11 metal oxides,12 and semiconducting nanomaterials 13. Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been regarded as the common choice of imaging contrast and theranostic agents due to their optochemical properties, biological efficiency as biomarkers, strong X-ray absorption coefficients and efficient high-Z nanoparticle radio-enhancement, NIR light-responsive agent to create nanosized contrast agents with molecular specificity 14–16. The nanoparticle selected is dependent upon the required imaging modality;17 gadolinium (Gd) owns a wide magnetic moment and seven unpaired electrons in the external shell, which are carried out as a clinical positive contrast agent for MRI as chelates 18.…”
IntroductionThe development of biopolymers for the synthesis of Gd(III) nanoparticles, as therapeutics, could play a key role in nanomedicine. Biocompatible polymers are not only used for complex monovalent biomolecules, but also for the realization of multivalent active targeting materials as diagnostic and/or therapeutic hybrid nanoparticles. In this article, it was reported for the first time, a novel synthesis of Gd(III)–biopolymer–Au(III) complex, acting as a key ingredient of core-shell gold nanoparticles (Gd(@AuNPs).Material and methodsThe physical and chemical evaluation was carried out by spectroscopic analytical techniques (Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible and TEM). The theoretical characterization by DFT (density functional theory) analysis was carried out under specific conditions to investigate the interaction between the Au and the Gd precursors, during the first nucleation step. Magnetic features with relaxivity measurements at 7T were also performed as well as cytotoxicity studies on hepatocyte cell lines for biocompatibility studies. The in vivo detailed dynamic biodistribution studies in mice to characterize the potential applications for biology as MRI contrast agents were then achieved.ResultsPhysical–chemical evaluation confirms the successful design and reaction supposed. Viabilities of TIB-75 (hepatocytes) cells were evaluated using Alamar blue cytotoxic tests with increasing concentrations of nanoparticles. In vivo biodistribution studies were then accomplished to assess the kinetic behavior of the nanoparticles in mice and characterize their stealthiness property after intravenous injection.ConclusionWe demonstrated that Gd@AuNPs have some advantages to display hepatocytes in the liver. Particularly, these nanoconjugates give a good cellular uptake of several quantities of Gd@NPs into cells, while preserving a T1 contrast inside cells that provide a robust in vivo detection using T1-weighted MR images. These results will strengthen the role of gadolinium as complex to gold in order to tune Gd(@AuNPs) as an innovative diagnostic agent in the field of nanomedicine.
“…Several types of nanoparticles have been inquiring for several imaging applications which include biomolecules,11 metal oxides,12 and semiconducting nanomaterials 13. Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been regarded as the common choice of imaging contrast and theranostic agents due to their optochemical properties, biological efficiency as biomarkers, strong X-ray absorption coefficients and efficient high-Z nanoparticle radio-enhancement, NIR light-responsive agent to create nanosized contrast agents with molecular specificity 14–16. The nanoparticle selected is dependent upon the required imaging modality;17 gadolinium (Gd) owns a wide magnetic moment and seven unpaired electrons in the external shell, which are carried out as a clinical positive contrast agent for MRI as chelates 18.…”
IntroductionThe development of biopolymers for the synthesis of Gd(III) nanoparticles, as therapeutics, could play a key role in nanomedicine. Biocompatible polymers are not only used for complex monovalent biomolecules, but also for the realization of multivalent active targeting materials as diagnostic and/or therapeutic hybrid nanoparticles. In this article, it was reported for the first time, a novel synthesis of Gd(III)–biopolymer–Au(III) complex, acting as a key ingredient of core-shell gold nanoparticles (Gd(@AuNPs).Material and methodsThe physical and chemical evaluation was carried out by spectroscopic analytical techniques (Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible and TEM). The theoretical characterization by DFT (density functional theory) analysis was carried out under specific conditions to investigate the interaction between the Au and the Gd precursors, during the first nucleation step. Magnetic features with relaxivity measurements at 7T were also performed as well as cytotoxicity studies on hepatocyte cell lines for biocompatibility studies. The in vivo detailed dynamic biodistribution studies in mice to characterize the potential applications for biology as MRI contrast agents were then achieved.ResultsPhysical–chemical evaluation confirms the successful design and reaction supposed. Viabilities of TIB-75 (hepatocytes) cells were evaluated using Alamar blue cytotoxic tests with increasing concentrations of nanoparticles. In vivo biodistribution studies were then accomplished to assess the kinetic behavior of the nanoparticles in mice and characterize their stealthiness property after intravenous injection.ConclusionWe demonstrated that Gd@AuNPs have some advantages to display hepatocytes in the liver. Particularly, these nanoconjugates give a good cellular uptake of several quantities of Gd@NPs into cells, while preserving a T1 contrast inside cells that provide a robust in vivo detection using T1-weighted MR images. These results will strengthen the role of gadolinium as complex to gold in order to tune Gd(@AuNPs) as an innovative diagnostic agent in the field of nanomedicine.
“…In our experiment, the 400-nm-excited lifetime images were obtained in the 560-nm channel according to our previous research. 23 Figure 5A and B show that the average time that molecules remain in the excited state can be fitted well by a mono-exponential function for both types of cells. Figure 5 Comparison of fluorescence intensity with and without CQDs for 48h at an excitation wavelength of 400 nm in ( A ) L929 cells and ( B ) PC-3M cells.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…In our experiment, the 400nm-excited lifetime images were obtained in the 560-nm channel according to our previous research. 23 Figure 5A and B show that the average time that molecules remain in the excited state can be fitted well by a mono-exponential function for both types of cells. Figure 5C and D demonstrate that the lifetime autofluorescence distributions were similar in L929 (1591-2431 ps) and PC-3M cells (1783-2221 ps) before the intake of CQDs.…”
Section: Biointeractions In L929 and Pc-3m Cells Measured Using Flimmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…The morphology and size of the CQDs were analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM; CoreAFM, Nanosurf, Switzerland). Their optical properties were analyzed using fluorescence lifetimes measured by a microchannel plate-photomultiplier tube (SPC-150, HAM-R3809U-50, Hamamatsu, Japan) 23 and using their ultraviolet–visible-light (UV-vis) absorption spectrum detected with a microplate reader (Synergy H1, Bio Tek, VT, USA). The functional groups were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Equinox 55, Bruker, MA, USA) coupled with an infrared microscope.…”
Background: Understanding the biocompatibility and biointeractions of nano-carbon quantum dots (nano-CQDs) in vitro and in vivo is important for assessing their potential risk to human health. In the previous research, the physical properties of CQDs synthesized by the laser ablation in liquid (LAL) method were analyzed in detail; however, possible bioapplications were not considered. Materials and Methods: CQDs were prepared by LAL and characterized by atomic force microscopy, fluorescence lifetime, absorption spectrum, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Their biocompatibility was evaluated in vitro using assays for cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and biodistribution and in vivo using immunotoxicity and the relative expression of genes. Cells were measured in vitro using fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy to analyze the biointeractions between CQDs and intracellular proteins. Results: There were no significant differences in biocompatibility between the CQDs and the negative control. The intracellular interactions had no impact on the optical imaging of CQDs upon intake by cells. Optical imaging of zebrafish showed the green fluorescence was well dispersed. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the CQDs have an excellent biocompatibility and can be used as efficient optical nanoprobes for cell tracking and biomedical labeling except for L929 and PC-3M cells.
“…Nowadays, gold nanoparticles are used as diagnostic agents, and theranostics because of optochemical properties, biological efficiency as a biomarker, and high absorption coefficient of X‐rays [ 110 , 111 ].…”
Nanotheranostics has attracted much attention due to its widespread application in molecular imaging and cancer therapy. Molecular imaging using nanoparticles has attracted special attention in the diagnosis of cancer at early stages. With the progress made in nanotheranostics, studying drug release, accumulation in the target tissue, biodistribution, and treatment effectiveness are other important factors. However, according to the studies conducted in this regard, each nanoparticle has some advantages and limitations that should be examined and then used in clinical applications. The main goal of this review is to explore the recent advancements in nanotheranostics for cancer therapy and diagnosis. Then, it is attempted to present recent studies on nanotheranostics used as a contrast agent in various imaging modalities and a platform for cancer therapy.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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