High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on Reflective Smf-Small Diameter No Core Fiber Structure

Zhou, Guorui; Wu, Qiang; Kumar, Rahul; Ng, Wai Pang; Líu, Hao; Niu, Longfei; Lalam, Nageswara; Yuan, Xiaodong; Semenova, Yuliya; Farrell, Gerald; Yuan, Jinhui; Yu, Chongxiu; Zeng, Jie; Tian, Gui Yun; Fu, Yong Qing

doi:10.3390/s17061415

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The simulated RI sensitivity of the 14.2 mm CL interferometer in this work was found to be 65.5 nm/RIU, as shown in Figure 4, which is lower than what is reported elsewhere [15,23,24]. Compared to our experimental results, the simulation is valid only for RIs close to next = 1.33, since the model does not consider the increased evanescent field at higher RIs.…”

Section: Simulation Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…In a CL fiber, the sensitivity will be positive for all cladding modes [14], but may become negative in systems where a core bound mode is more strongly excited [4]. References [15,23,24] all show a positive sensitivity—for both CL and thin-core fibers. It should also be mentioned that the RI sensitivity has been found to vary little with the interferometer length [19,24], which has also been observed throughout this work.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous papers based on MPA have treated low index contrast cases and weakly guiding conditions, where a scalar (beam optics) treatment is sufficient [5,12,13,15,23,24]. In this work, a full (electromagnetic) vector model will be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing Challenges in Fabricating Reflection-Based Fiber Optic Interferometers

Wahl

Wilhelmsen

Hjelme

2019

Sensors

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Fabrication of multimode fiber optic interferometers requires accurate control of certain parameters to obtain reproducible results. This paper evaluates the consequences of practical challenges in fabricating reflection-based, fiber optic interferometers by the use of theory and experiments. A guided-mode propagation approach is used to investigate the effect of the end-face cleave angle and the accuracy of the splice in core-mismatched fiber optic sensors. Cleave angles from high-end fiber cleavers give differences in optical path lengths approaching the wavelength close to the circumference of the fiber, and the core-mismatched splice decides the ensemble of cladding modes excited. This investigation shows that the cleave angle may significantly alter the spectrum, whereas the splice is more robust. It is found that the interferometric visibility can be decreased by up to 70% for cleave angles typically obtained. An offset splice may reduce the visibility, but for offsets experienced experimentally the effect is negligible. An angled splice is found not to affect the visibility but causes a lower overall intensity in the spectrum. The sensitivity to the interferometer length is estimated to 60 nm/mm, which means that a 17 µm difference in length will shift the spectrum 1 nm. Comparisons to experimental results indicate that the spliced region also plays a significant role in the resulting spectrum.

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Section: Simulation Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing Challenges in Fabricating Reflection-Based Fiber Optic Interferometers

Wahl

Wilhelmsen

Hjelme

2019

Sensors

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“…The maximum refractive index sensitivity reaches up to 1517.28 nm/RIU for a refractive index of 1.417. Under the same external refractive index, the refractive index response of the new TSNS structure is higher than that of the traditional MMI sensor [17,18,19]. The effect of the diameter and length of the sensor on the spectral and refractive index response was theoretically and experimentally investigated and the temperature sensing characteristics were experimentally determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on a Tapered-Single Mode-No Core-Single Mode Fiber Structure

Yang

Zhang

Geng

et al. 2019

Sensors

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We have proposed a novel tapered-single mode-no core-single mode (TSNS) fiber refractometer based on multimode interference. The TSNS structure exhibits a high contrast ratio (＞15 dB) and a uniform interference fringe. The influence of different lengths and diameters of the TSNS on the refractive index unit (RIU) sensitivity was investigated. The experimental investigations indicated a maximum sensitivity of 1517.28 nm/RIU for a refractive index of 1.417 and low-temperature sensitivity (＜10 pm/ºC). The experimental and simulation results are also in good agreement.

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“…Fig. 4 A schematic diagram of (a) an SNCS [18] and (b) a thin layer coated [70], (c) reflective SNCS [80] fiber structure, and (d) a microscope image of the joint between etched MMF (NCF) and SMF [18]. Reprinted with permission from [18] © The Optical Society.…”

Section: A Sncs Fiber Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Liu

et al. 2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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125

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A singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure consists of a short section of multimode fiber fusionspliced between two SMS fibers. The mechanism underpinning the operation of an SMS fiber structure is multimode interference and associated self-imaging. SMS structures can be used in a variety of optical fiber systems but are most commonly used as sensors for a variety of parameters, ranging from macro-world measurands such as temperature, strain, vibration, flow rate, RI and humidity to the micro-world with measurands such as proteins, pathogens, DNA, and specific molecules. While traditional SMS structures employ a short section of standard multimode fiber, a large number of structures have been investigated and demonstrated over the last decade involving the replacement of the multimode fiber section with alternatives such as a hollow core fiber or a tapered fiber. The objective of replacing the multimode fiber has most often been to allow sensing of different measurands or to improve sensitivity. In this paper, several different categories of SMS fiber structures, including traditional SMS, modified SMS and tapered SMS fiber structures are discussed with some theoretical underpinning and reviews of a wide variety of sensing examples and recent advances. The paper then summarizes and compares the performances of a variety of sensors which have been published under a number of headings. The paper concludes by considering the challenges faced by SMS based sensing schemes in terms of their deployment in real world applications and discusses possible future developments of SMS fiber sensors.

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High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on Reflective Smf-Small Diameter No Core Fiber Structure

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Addressing Challenges in Fabricating Reflection-Based Fiber Optic Interferometers

Addressing Challenges in Fabricating Reflection-Based Fiber Optic Interferometers

High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on a Tapered-Single Mode-No Core-Single Mode Fiber Structure

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

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