High seroprevalence of bluetongue virus infection in sheep flocks in West Azerbaijan, Iran

Shoorijeh, Sardar Jafari; Ramin, A. G.; Maclachlan, Nigel J; Osburn, Bennie; Tamadon, Amin; Behzadi, Mohammad Amin; Mahdavi, Mehdi; Araskhani, A; Samani, Dharmesh; Rezajou, N.; Aminpour, Arash

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2008.10.008

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, the seropositivity of sheep and goat for bluetongue was found to be 89.2% (922 out of 1 034) which is higher than the reported seroprevalence of 6.57% in south-east of Iran [15] , 51.6% in Isfahan [16] , 34.7% in west Azerbaijan [17] and 73.5% in Shiraz [18] . Other studies have shown that bluetongue disease occurs worldwide and lead to significant losses in the small ruminant population [10,17] . In Thailand, a serological study was carried out and demonstrated 39.4% and 73.0% seropositive rates in indigenous sheep and goats respectively [19] .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Seroepidemiology of bluetongue disease in small ruminants of north-east of Iran

Najarnezhad

Rajae²

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Seroepidemiology of bluetongue disease in small ruminants of north-east of Iran

Najarnezhad

Rajae²

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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“…Previous epidemiological surveys showed high prevalence rates for BTV seropositivity in Iran (93.5%) and Southern Turkey (88%) [37,38]. In Sudan, earlier serological surveys indicated that BT infection is generally widespread and occurs in all domestic ruminants, with as high as 61.5% prevalence rate in Juba, South Sudan [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bluetongue virus antibodies and associated risk factors among cattle in East Darfur State, Western Sudan

et al. 2014

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BackgroundBluetongue virus (BTV) is an insect-transmitted virus, which causes bluetongue disease (BT) in sheep and a fatal hemorrhagic infection in North American white-tailed deer. However, in cattle the disease is typically asymptomatic and no overt clinical signs of disease appear to be associated with BTV infection. Serological evidence and isolation of different BTV serotypes have been reported in Sudan, however, no information is currently available in regard to previous exposure of Sudanese livestock to BTV infection in East Darfur State, Sudan.AimsTo determine the prevalence of BTV antibodies and to identify the potential risk factors associated with BTV infection among cattle in East Darfur State, Sudan.MethodsA total of 224 blood samples were collected randomly from five localities in East Darfur State, Sudan. The serum samples were screened for detection of BTV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA).ResultsSerological evidence of BTV infection was observed in 150 out of 224 animals accounting for a 67% prevalence rate among cattle in East Darfur State. Older cattle (>2 years of age) were six times more likely to be infected with BTV (OR = 6.62, CI = 2.87-15.26, p-value = 0.01). Regarding animal source (contact with other herds) as a risk factor, it was shown that cattle purchased from market or introduced from other herds were 3 times at higher risk of being infected with BTV (OR = 3.87, CI = 1.07-13.87, p value = 0.03). Exposure of cattle to the insect vector increased the risk of contracting BTV infection by six times compared to non-exposed cattle (OR = 6.44, CI = 1.53-27.08, p value = 0.01).ConclusionThe present study indicated that age, animal source and the intensity of the insect vector are influential risk factors for BTV infection in cattle in the Darfur region. Surveillance for BTV infection should be extended to include other susceptible ruminants and to study the distribution of the insect vectors to better predict and respond to a possible BTV outbreak in the State of East Darfur, Sudan.

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“…Previous epidemiological surveys showed high prevalence rates for BTV infections in Iran (93.5%) and Southern Turkey (88%) [34,35]. In Sudan, earlier serological surveys indicated that BT infection is generally widespread and occurs in all domestic ruminants, with as high as 61.5% prevalence rate among sheep in Juba, South Sudan [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bluetongue virus infection and associated risk factors among cattle in North Kordufan State, Western Sudan

et al. 2014

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BackgroundBluetongue virus causes febrile disease in sheep and a fatal hemorrhagic infection in North American White-tailed deer. However, in cattle the disease is typically asymptomatic and no clinical overt disease is associated with bluetongue infection. Bluetongue virus activity has been detected in Khartoum, Sennar and South Darfur states of the Sudan. Currently, no information is available in regard to previous exposure of livestock to Bluetongue virus in North Kordufan State, the largest livestock producing region in the country. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bluetongue antibodies and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the presence of bluetongue antibodies among cattle in North Kordufan State, Sudan. A total of 299 bovine blood samples were collected randomly from six localities in North Kordufan State and were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of BTV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.ResultsThe serological evidence of Bluetongue virus infection was observed in 58 out of 299 cows, accounting for a 19.4% prevalence rate among cattle in North Kordufan State. Older cattle (>2 years of age) had four times the odds to be infected with BTV compared to young cattle (OR = 4.309, CI = 1.941-9.567, p-value = 0.01). Application of preventive measures, such as spraying or dipping with insecticide protects cattle against Bluetongue infection. Application of vector control measures decreased the odds for bluetongue seropositivity by 7 times (OR = 7.408, CI = 3.111-17.637, p-value = 0.01).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that age and application of routine insecticides are influential risk factors for seroprevalence of Bluetongue in cattle. Surveillance of Bluetongue virus should be extended to include other susceptible animals and to study the distribution of the insect vectors in the region to better predict and respond to BTV outbreak in the State of North Kordufan, Sudan.

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High seroprevalence of bluetongue virus infection in sheep flocks in West Azerbaijan, Iran

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Seroepidemiology of bluetongue disease in small ruminants of north-east of Iran

Seroepidemiology of bluetongue disease in small ruminants of north-east of Iran

Prevalence of bluetongue virus antibodies and associated risk factors among cattle in East Darfur State, Western Sudan

Prevalence of bluetongue virus infection and associated risk factors among cattle in North Kordufan State, Western Sudan

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