Fiber-based supercapacitors (F-SCs) have inspired widespread
interest
in the fields of wearable technology, energy, and carbon neutralization
due to their highly deformable flexibility, fast charging/discharging
capability, long-term stability, and energy conservation ability.
In this review, we summarize the latest developments for fabricating
fibrous electrodes of F-SCs where advanced micro two-dimensional (2D)
building blocks (e.g., MXene and graphene) are chemically assembled
and constructed into ordered mesofibers and multifunctional macrofabrics.
Diverse fundamental principles of 2D hybrid nanosheets with respect
to surface controls, pseudocapacitive modifications, and microstructural
manipulations, promoting rapid electron transfer and charge conduction,
are introduced. Additionally, various spinning methods for assembling
and fabricating sophisticated fibers with advanced nano/microstructures,
including hierarchical skeletons, anisotropic backbones, surface/entire
porous frameworks, and vertical-aligned networks, for boosting ionic
kinetic transport/storage are presented. Likewise, the structure–activity
relationships between the porous structure and electrochemical performance
are clarified. Moreover, multifunctional fabrics in terms of high
flexibilities/strengths, superior electrical conductivities, and stabilized
operations, which realize large energy density, deformable capability,
and robust stability under harsh conditions, are emphasized. In particular,
the potential power-supply applications, including flexible electronic
devices, self-powered functions, and energy-sensor systems, are highlighted.
Finally, a short conclusion and outlook, along with the current challenges
and future opportunities of next-generation F-SCs, are proposed.