High-speed carrier-envelope phase drift detection of amplified laser pulses

Abstract

An instrument for measuring carrier-envelope phase (CEP) drift of amplified femtosecond laser pulses at repetition rates up to the 100-kHz regime is presented. The device can be used for real-time pulse labeling and it could also enable single-loop CEP control of future high-repetition rate laser amplifiers. The scheme is demonstrated by measuring the CEP drift of a 1-kHz source.

Review of attosecond resolved measurement and control via carrier–envelope phase tagging with above-threshold ionization

“…those illustrated in a COLTRIMS measurement of NDSI in Ar [8]) and advancements in existing measurement techniques allowing for data tagging (e.g. high-speed, singleshot VMI [7]), the CEPM or similar devices [77] have the potential to become a mainstay in the ultrashort and attosecond experimental communities. The door is now open to a multitude of previously inaccessible CEP-dependent processes and a new benchmark has been set for the precision of CEP-dependent measurements.…”

Tracing the phase of focused broadband laser pulses

“…In recent years, significant advancements have been made in CEP detection and control 14,16,18,26 , which have facilitated and driven the discovery of more and more processes that are dependent on and can be controlled via the CEP. One such phenomenon is the strong-field, few-cycle-laser-driven back-scattering of photoelectrons, i.e.…”

“…In ultrafast light-matter interactions, the phase of the optical carrier field with respect to the pulse envelope's maximum -the carrier-envelope phase (CEP, see Methods) 14 -is one of the fundamental controls that allows one to steer chemical reactions 15 , the generation of attosecond pulses via high-harmonic generation 16 , and electron emission and acceleration from solid surfaces and nanostructures 7,9,17 , among others. Hence, determining and controlling the CEP is mandatory in many fields using lasers, but taking into account the broadband and often intense and ultrashort nature of these pulses is challenging and an active area of research 18,19 . Further, non-linear light-matter interactions usually take place in the focus of a beam where the CEP shows a strong spatial dependence.…”

Approaching the limits of carrier-envelope phase stability in a millijoule-class amplifier

“…Only within the last decade have methods been invented to determine the shot-toshot CEP fluctuations of amplified pulses at a repetition rate above the kilohertz range. These schemes either replace the time-consuming spectrogram evaluation in an f-to-2f interferometer [4,5] or directly measure a phase-sensitive effect [6].…”