High Speed Imaging of Cavitation around Dental Ultrasonic Scaler Tips

Vyas, Nina; Pecheva, E.; Dehghani, Hamid; Sammons, Rachel; Wang, Qianxi; Leppinen, David; Walmsley, A. D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149804

Cited by 34 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There are currently no suitable methods for effectively removing biofilm from dental implants, therefore the cavitation around ultrasonic scalers is being researched as a more effective and less damaging method of removing biofilm from teeth and dental implants. We have shown using high speed imaging that cavitation occurs around different shaped ultrasonic scaler tips, and that it increases with power and tip vibration amplitude [5]. We also established that that the cavitation occurred in clusters on the tip, therefore increasing the cavitation area may be beneficial by allowing the instrument to be used in a non-touch mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Increasing Cavitation around Dental Ultrasonic Scalers to Improve Biofilm Removal Efficiency: A High Speed Imaging and Image Analysis Study

Vyas¹,

Wang²,

Walmsley³

2018

Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2018)

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Dental ultrasonic scalers are used to remove plaque and mineralised deposits from teeth. Cavitation occurs in the cooling water flowing over the tip and may be used to enhance removal of the biofilm. Our research shows that cavitation occurs around the bend of the scaler tip and at its free end. By increasing the amount of cavitation, the instrument can potentially be used in a novel non-contact mode. The metal tip of the scaler will not touch the tooth surface allowing the cavitation to undertake the removal. This non-touch cleaning will reduce the present damage on both teeth and dental implants, which may be damaged by contact with the metal scaler tip. The aim of this study was to modify an ultrasonic scaler tip and image it with a high speed camera to determine the increase in cavitation. An ultrasonic scaler (P5 XS Satelec, Acteon) operating at 29 kHz at the medium power setting was imaged with tip 10P using a high speed camera (Shimadzu HPV1) at 1,000,000 fps. Imaging was done with the tip immersed in distilled water preventing spray from the scaler. The outer edge of the free end of the tip was ground and polished manually (DAP-7, Struers, Ballerup, Denmark) using P500 and P4000 SiC paper until horizontal. These alterations were made to increase the pressure drag, which would create lower pressures and consequently increase the cavitation. Image segmentation was done using a semi-automatic machine learning approach to calculate the area of the cavitation occurring at the free end of the original and modified tips. The mean area of cavitation around each tip was calculated from 102 images. There was a statistically significant difference between the amount of cavitation occurring around the modified and original ultrasonic scaler tip. The area of cavitation around tip 10P was 0.27±0.05 µm 2 and the area of cavitation around the modified tip was 0.35±0.07 µm 2. High speed imaging also showed that there was cavitation present at the point of the free end in the modified tip but not in the original tip. This will be clinically useful as the point of the tip is the part closest to the tooth surface when in use. These results propose that cavitation from an ultrasonic scaler may be used to remove dental plaque without damaging teeth. This method also has potential to be used to clean dental implants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Increasing Cavitation around Dental Ultrasonic Scalers to Improve Biofilm Removal Efficiency: A High Speed Imaging and Image Analysis Study

Vyas¹,

Wang²,

Walmsley³

2018

Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2018)

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“…Because of the ability of PDT mediated by MB to reduce their key virulence factors such as LPS and proteases in the early stages of the immune cascade, its use may, as a result, reduce a number of inflammatory mediators that promote tissue loss associated with periodontal disease . In the case of US, inflammation is reduced by the disruption and physical removal of dental biofilm by cavitation methods that may induce tissue damage of a more invasive nature due to the therapeutic method itself . Differences in the combined microbiome and protein biomarker profiles of individuals with periodontitis and healthy subjects have been described .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of photodynamic therapy versus ultrasonic scaler on gingival health during treatment with orthodontic fixed appliances

et al. 2018

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Objectives: Poor oral hygiene during treatment with fixed appliances results in plaque accumulation. The presence of bacteria in the gingival crevice triggers an inflammatory reaction in the gingival tissues. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of two preventive treatments, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and ultrasonic scaler (US), on gingival health in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: Twenty orthodontic patients were randomly allocated to two groups: PDT or US. Each group received seven sessions [days 0, 15, 30, 45, 90 (3months follow-up), 180 (6-months follow-up), 270 (9months follow-up)] of experimental interventions, and clinical parameters [Plaque index(PI); gingival index-(GI); probing depth(PD)], periodontopathogens [Agreggatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Micromonas micros; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Tannerella forsythia; Campylobacter rectus; Eikenella corrodens; Capnocytopaga sp.] and protein markers [IL-1b;IL-1ra;IL-6;IL-10;TNF-a;FGF-2/FGF basic] were monitored at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months. ANOVA, Student's t-test with Bonferroni correction and ANOVA with multiple rank test were used to identify differences between groups (P < 0.05). Results: Clinical assessments [PI, GI, and PD] yielded no differences (P > 0.05) between groups, which showed a major decrease at the start of the trial. Reductions in total colony forming units (log CFU reduction) were observed with both treatments, although to a greater extent in the PDT group, but with no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Similar reductions in log CFU counts of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum were observed in both groups (P > 0.05). The two groups also showed similar trends for inflammatory mediators with decreased levels of IL-1b, IL-10, and TNF-a, whereas IL-6 and IL-1ra levels remained stable and those of FGF-2 were increased after both interventions, with no differences (P > 0.05) between groups. Conclusion: Both PDT and US methods proved similar effectiveness for the treatment of gingival inflammation induced by fixed orthodontic appliances. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:256-267, 2019.

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“…The vibrations of the tip break down the calculus (tartar) and plaque which have formed on the tooth's enamel surface. Because of the tip's quick speed, when the irrigation water passes over the scalar, micro-and nanosized bubbles form around its curve and tip [95,96]. When these Figure 3.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Dental Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Materials for Medical Applications

Chen-Glasser¹,

Li²,

Ryu³

et al. 2018

Piezoelectricity - Organic and Inorganic Materials and Applications

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This chapter describes the history and development strategy of piezoelectric materials for medical applications. It covers the piezoelectric properties of materials found inside the human body including blood vessels, skin, and bones as well as how the piezoelectricity innate in those materials aids in disease treatment. It also covers piezoelectric materials and their use in medical implants by explaining how piezoelectric materials can be used as sensors and can emulate natural materials. Finally, the possibility of using piezoelectric materials to design medical equipment and how current models can be improved by further research is explored. This review is intended to provide greater understanding of how important piezoelectricity is to the medical industry by describing the challenges and opportunities regarding its future development.

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High Speed Imaging of Cavitation around Dental Ultrasonic Scaler Tips

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Increasing Cavitation around Dental Ultrasonic Scalers to Improve Biofilm Removal Efficiency: A High Speed Imaging and Image Analysis Study

Increasing Cavitation around Dental Ultrasonic Scalers to Improve Biofilm Removal Efficiency: A High Speed Imaging and Image Analysis Study

Impact of photodynamic therapy versus ultrasonic scaler on gingival health during treatment with orthodontic fixed appliances

Piezoelectric Materials for Medical Applications

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