High-speed, two-dimensional synchrotron white-beam x-ray radiography of spray breakup and atomization

Halls, Benjamin R.; Radke, Christopher D.; Reuter, Benjamin; Kastengren, Alan L.; Gord, James R.; Meyer, Terrence R.

doi:10.1364/oe.25.001605

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Synchrotron X-ray radiography of the atomizer and resulting spray was performed in the Advance Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory, 7-BM beamline [Kastengren et al, 2012]. It provides high-intensity broadband X-rays that can be used for 2D radiographic imaging with microsecond or sub-microsecond time resolution [Halls et al, 2017]. Such radiography is often referred to as white beam imaging because the energy spectra of the illuminating beam is distributed over a broadband of wavelengths.…”

Section: High-speed X-ray Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron radiography characterization of the liquid core dynamics in a canonical two-fluid coaxial atomizer

Machicoane

Bothell

et al. 2019

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

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The liquid core of a canonical two-fluid coaxial atomizer has been characterized using synchrotron X-rays. The high energy photons allow for high-speed imaging of attenuation through the dense liquid-gas jet core, resolving the internal structures that include entrapped air bubbles and the formation of liquid ligaments and bags. When the gas-to-liquid momentum ratio increases, the liquid core transitions from an intact column, where primary break-up happens several liquid diameters downstream, to a hollow crown with a downstream span comparable to the liquid diameter that disintegrates by shedding ligaments from its rim. At high gas momentum ratios (limited by the sonic velocity at the gas nozzle exit), this crown suffers partial dewetting and, when angular momentum is added to the gas, it dewets on a large section of the liquid injection needle circumference. This partial crown exhibits azimuthal motions along the circumference, on timescales much longer than the rele

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Section: High-speed X-ray Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron radiography characterization of the liquid core dynamics in a canonical two-fluid coaxial atomizer

Machicoane

Bothell

et al. 2019

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Self Cite

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“…Synchrotron X-ray sources can also provide high intensity broadband X-rays that can be used for 2D radiographic imaging with microsecond or sub-microsecond time resolution (Halls et al, 2017b). It is called white beam radiography because the high intensity continuous wave beam is composed of a range of energies (wavelengths) like that shown in Figure 2, similar to white light being composed of a range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum.…”

Section: White Beam Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Imaging Techniques to Quantify Spray Characteristics in the Near Field

Heindel

2018

Atomiz Spr

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Liquid sprays play a key role in many engineering processes, including, but not limited to, food processing, coating and painting, 3D printing, fire suppression, agricultural production, and combustion systems. Spray characteristics can easily be assessed in the mid-and far-field regions, well after liquid sheet breakup and droplet formation, using various optical and/or laser diagnostic techniques. The conditions in the near-field region influence mid-and far-field characteristics; however, near-field measurements are extremely challenging because the spray in this region is typically optically dense where optical and laser diagnostics are generally ineffective. This paper provides an overview of the various X-ray imaging techniques that can be used to characterize the near-field region of a spray. X-rays produced with tube sources as well as synchrotron sources will be discussed. Using tube-source X-rays, 2D radiographic videos are possible showing qualitative spray information. The 2D radiographs can also provide quantitative measurements of the optical depth (OD) in the near-field region. Tube sources can also provide X-ray computed tomography imaging that can produce time-average 3D density (mass distribution) maps of the spray. X-rays from synchrotron radiation provide a high-flux X-ray beam that can be used to provide high spatial and temporal resolution of the spray equivalent path length (EPL) as well as other characteristics, but it is more challenging to implement than using a common tube source. Various examples of these X-ray imaging techniques will be discussed.

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“…As the emission is in the x-ray regime, it is not attenuated significantly by scattering from phase interfaces and has shown to be useful diagnostic Finally, x-ray imaging has also seen recent development and advancements in both tube sources and at the APS -7BM. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Many previous efforts utilizing x-ray imaging utilized phase contrast imaging and tube sources, though recent facility upgrades have has made imaging at the APS -7BM possible.…”

Section: -7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the research campaign, a recently developed two-dimensional x-ray radiography technique was applied to the study of transient fluid structure during spray atomization at speeds of 120 kHz, as fully detailed in Halls et al 17 Radiographic images collected also revealed complex fluid structure within the primary atomization region of the spray, such as hollow droplets and stable mixed phase regions. An example plot is shown in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent developments in x-ray diagnostics for cryogenic and optically dense coaxial rocket sprays

Radke

Kastengren

Meyer

2017

53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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The mixing and atomization of propellants is often characterized by optically dense flow fields and complex breakup dynamics. In the development of propulsion systems, the complexity of relevant physics and the range of spatio-temporal scales often makes computational simulation impractical for full scale injector elements; consequently, continued research into improved systems for experimental flow diagnostics is ongoing. One area of non-invasive flow diagnostics which has seen widespread growth is using synchrotron based x-ray diagostics. Over the past 3 years, a series of water and cryogenic based experiments were performed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, on a NASA in-house designed swirl co-axial rocket injector, designed for operation using liquid oxygen and liquid methane in support of Project Morpheus. A range of techniques, such as x-ray fluorescence and time-averaged radiography were performed providing qualitative and quantitative mass and phase distributions, and were complemented by investigations using time-resolved radiography and white beam imaging, which provided information on breakup and mixing dynamics. Results of these investigations are presented, and conclusions regarding the viability of x-ray based diagnostics are discussed. I. Nomenclature d= diameter of pressure swirl atomizer, m D = diameter of gas annulus, m I = x-ray signal intensity, photons/s I 0 = x-ray source intensity, photons/ṡ m = mass flow rate, kg/s V = gas phase velocity, m/s Re g = gas phase Reynolds number ν = gas phase kinematic viscosity, kg/m · s ρ = gas phase density,kg/m 3 Subscripts g = gas i = inner diameter o = outer diameter

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High-speed, two-dimensional synchrotron white-beam x-ray radiography of spray breakup and atomization

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Synchrotron radiography characterization of the liquid core dynamics in a canonical two-fluid coaxial atomizer

Synchrotron radiography characterization of the liquid core dynamics in a canonical two-fluid coaxial atomizer

X-Ray Imaging Techniques to Quantify Spray Characteristics in the Near Field

Recent developments in x-ray diagnostics for cryogenic and optically dense coaxial rocket sprays

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