High strength glass-ceramic to metal seals

Haws, L.D.; Kramer, Daniel P.; Moddeman, W. E.; Wooten, G.W.

doi:10.2172/6910209

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Normal glass can contain not insignificant quantities of dissolved water, typically 0.02-0.06 mass%. It was noted by Haws et al [10] that this can affect seal quality through thermodynamically favourable reactions between the water and diffusing metallic species, in particular Cr, to yield hydrogen gas (at 1300 K):…”

Section: Influence Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in the preparation, characterization and applications of glass- and glass–ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings

et al. 2011

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There has, in recent years, been a major revival of interest in glass-and glass-ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings for new applications. Experience dictates that many factors need to be taken into consideration in the successful design and manufacture of high-quality seals, particularly if an adequate component lifetime is to be achieved. For example, during their preparation, undesirable reactions may occur between diffusing metal species and glass constituents, and these can lead to the formation of highly localized internal stresses, which can initiate failure of a seal either during manufacture or, more seriously, whilst in service due to the influence of static fatigue. In the case of high-temperature systems, reactions under hostile operating conditions also need to be taken into consideration. In this review, the factors learnt from past experience that influence the formation and lifetime behaviour of glass and glass-ceramic/metal systems are briefly introduced, and their relevance to the newer applications including solid oxide fuel cell sealants and coatings on titanium for biomedical applications is discussed.

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Section: Influence Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in the preparation, characterization and applications of glass- and glass–ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings

et al. 2011

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“…Normal glass can contain not insignificant quantities of dissolved water, typically 0.02%–0.06%. It was noted by Haws et al 27 that this can affect seal quality through thermodynamically favorable reactions between the water and diffusing metallic species, in particular Cr, to yield hydrogen gas …”

Section: Aging Mechanisms and Factors Influencing The Lifetime Bementioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Reactions in Glass–Ceramic‐to‐Metal Seals

Donald

Metcalfe

Gerrard

2007

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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During the sealing of glass–ceramics to metals, undesirable interfacial reactions may occur between constituents of the glass and diffusing metal species, and any reaction products formed may have serious consequences on the lifetime behavior of seal components. This paper reviews the factors influencing the lifetime behavior of glass–ceramic‐to‐metal systems, with particular emphasis given to the effect that such interfacial reactions can have on the resultant and longer term properties. Steps that can be taken to enhance desirable interfacial reactions and minimize those that are undesirable are highlighted. In addition, in order to aid in the understanding of complex alloy systems, it is of interest to study both the interfacial reactions and diffusion characteristics of simplified systems without the complicating issue of multiple element diffusion. Thus, a preliminary investigation is highlighted in which a lithium zinc silicate glass nucleated with P2O5 has been sealed to high‐purity Fe, Ni, and Cr metals and the resultant diffusion into the glass of each metal monitored as a function of sealing temperature and time. The data generated have been compared with information from multicomponent alloy systems and an attempt has been made to explain the differences noted.

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“…Normal glass can contain not insignificant quantities of dissolved water, typically 0.02-0.06 mass%. It was noted by Haws et al [6] that this can affect seal quality through thermodynamically favourable reactions between the water and diffusing metallic species, in particular Cr, to yield hydrogen gas:-…”

Section: Ageing Mechanisms / Factors Affecting the Lifetime Behaviour...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Glass-Ceramic-to-Metal Seals

Donald¹,

Metcalfe²,

Gerrard³

et al. 2010

Advances in Science and Technology

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It is recognized that many factors need to be taken into consideration in the successful design and manufacture of high quality glass-ceramic-to-metal seals, particularly if an adequate component lifetime is to be achieved. During their preparation, undesirable reactions may occur between diffusing metal species and glass constituents, and these can lead to the formation of highly localized internal stresses, the presence of which can initiate failure of a seal either during manufacture or, more seriously, whilst in service due to the influence of static fatigue. In the case of high temperature systems, reactions under hostile operating conditions also need to be taken into consideration. A thorough understanding of the relevant glass-ceramic/metal interactions is therefore required in order that steps can be taken to avoid or at least minimize reactions within the interfacial region that may lead to localized modifications of the glass-ceramic microstructure. In this contribution, factors influencing the lifetime behaviour of glass-ceramic/metal systems are reviewed and discussed, with particular reference given to SOFC sealants and also to advanced electrical components developed at AWE including seals to stainless steels and Ni-based superalloys. Fundamental studies on bonding to pure Fe, Ni and Cr are also included.

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High strength glass-ceramic to metal seals

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Recent developments in the preparation, characterization and applications of glass- and glass–ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings

Recent developments in the preparation, characterization and applications of glass- and glass–ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings

Interfacial Reactions in Glass–Ceramic‐to‐Metal Seals

Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Glass-Ceramic-to-Metal Seals

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