SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition 2003
DOI: 10.2118/84308-ms
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High Strength, Ultra-Lightweight Proppant Lends New Dimensions to Hydraulic Fracturing Applications

Abstract: Since the earliest fracturing treatments over 50 years ago, many different materials have been used including sand, glass beads, walnut hulls, and metal shot. Today's commonly used proppants include various sands, resin-coated sands, intermediate strength ceramics, and sintered bauxite, each employed for their ability to cost effectively withstand the respective reservoir closure stress environment. As the relative strength of the various materials increases, so too have the respective particle densities, rang… Show more

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Cited by 41 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Hassebroek and Waters (1964) address the benefits of creating partial monolayer fractures in hydraulic fracturing. Using low-density proppants to create such partial monolayers has also been addressed previously Parker and Sanchez 2012;Rickards et al 2003;Brannon et al 2004), although such proppants have had very limited application.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hassebroek and Waters (1964) address the benefits of creating partial monolayer fractures in hydraulic fracturing. Using low-density proppants to create such partial monolayers has also been addressed previously Parker and Sanchez 2012;Rickards et al 2003;Brannon et al 2004), although such proppants have had very limited application.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Upward convective proppant transport 7 involves pumping a high-density fluid pad with specific gravity higher than the proppant carrier fluid, which in turn has specific gravity slightly higher than the selected ultra-lightweight proppant, figure 8. The idea of inverted or upward convective proppant transport is not new, but it has been reinforced due to ULWP 8,9,10 technology. Low proppant densities facilitate using salt-densified fluids (sodium or calcium chloride) that are heavier than the proppant, allowing better control of proppant convection, upward or downward.…”
Section: Upward Convective Proppant Transportmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 Sand for comparison has a specific gravity of 2.85 g/cm 2 and an average bulk density of 1.62 g/cm 2 . 3 The material is manufactured in a two step process.…”
Section: Ultra Lightweight Proppantmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 Sand for comparison has a specific gravity of 2.85 g/cm 2 and an average bulk density of 1.62 g/cm 2 . 3 The material is manufactured in a two step process. First, by coating specifically sized particles where a high strength epoxy resin is applied to cause the resin to enter the pore spaces of the walnut particle, which will also provide added strength.…”
Section: Ultra Lightweight Proppantmentioning
confidence: 99%