High Surface Area Solids Obtained by Reaction of Montmorillonite with Zirconyl Chloride

Yamanaka, Shōji

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1979.0270207

Cited by 240 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is also reported that inter-layer distance is almost perfectly maintained even at 500°C, showing that thermal stability is also good. Yamanaka et al [30] created zirconia pillars between montmorillonite layers and obtained an inter-layer compound with an inter-layer distance of 0.84 nm and a specific surface area of about 500 m 2 /g. Also reported is a bridge formation method that selectively deposits metal hydroxides only between clay mineral layers, without using ion exchange.…”

Section: Synthesizing Atom and Molecule Porementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Fabrication of Inorganic Porous Materials: From Nanometer to Millimeter Sizes

Takahashi

Fuji

2002

KONA

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Section: Synthesizing Atom and Molecule Porementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Fabrication of Inorganic Porous Materials: From Nanometer to Millimeter Sizes

Takahashi

Fuji

2002

KONA

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“…This type of Na-bentonite was studied by Yamanaka and Brindley (1979) and Vaughan and Lussier (1980). The chemical composition (Table 1) provided by the supplier is typical of this material.…”

Section: Montmorillonitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, Yamanaka and Brindley (1979) reported that by exchange reactions with tetrameric hydroxy cations, [(Zr4(OH)14" nH20)] +2, Na-montmorillonites with surface areas as high as 300-400 mZ/g, stable to 500~ can be obtained. Similarly, Vaughan et al (1979) noted that …”

Section: Surface Area and Surface Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loeppert et al (1979) prepared expanded smectites using bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline complexes stable to 550~ Burrer (1978) reviewed the interlayering of smectites with polar organic molecules. Highly stable, high surface-area material can best be prepared by crosslinking layers of expanding layered silicates with oligomeric molecules derived from the hydrolysis of polyvalent cations, such as AI +3 and Zr +4 (Yamanaka and Brindley, 1979;Brindley and Sempels, 1977;Lahav et al, 1978;Shabtai et al, 1980). Copyright 9 1983, The Clay Minerals Society 22 Vaughan and Lussier (1980) showed that the interlayering of montmorillonite with hydroxy-aluminum oligomers generates materials that can be used in conventional petrochemical processes, such as catalytic cracking and hydrocracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Properties of Montmorillonite Interlayered with Cationic Oxyaluminum Pillars

Occelli¹,

Tindwa

1983

Clays and clay miner.

229

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Abstract--By ion exchanging expandable clay minerals with large, cationic oxyaluminum polymers, "pillars" were introduced that permanently prop open the clay layers. On the basis of thermal, infrared spectroscopic, adsorption, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, the interlayering of commercial sodium bentonite with aluminum chlorohydroxide, lAI1304(OH)24(HzO)12] +7, polymers appears to have produced an expanded clay with a surface area of 200-300 m2/g. The pillared product contained both Br6nsted and Lewis acid sites. XRD and differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated that the micropore structure of this interlayered clay is stable to 540~ Between 540 ~ and 760~ the pillared day collapsed with a corresponding decrease in surface area (to 55 m2/g) and catalytic cracking activity for a Kuwait gas oil having a 260~176 boiling range.

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“…Various sizes of inorganic polyhydroxocations have been intercalated as pillaring precursors to control the pore size. [1][2][3] Silica is one of the oxides of interest for obtaining thermally stable and catalytically active pillared clays. Silica pillared clays have been prepared from a titania-silica or iron oxide-silica complex sol because silica precursors are silicate anions, which cannot enter between the clay sheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Silica-Pillared Fluorohectorite by Cointercalation of Polysiloxane and Polyvinyl Alcohol

Nakao

Nogami

2005

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Silica-pillared clays with mesopores were prepared from fluorohectorite, aminopropyltriethoxysilane APS and tetraethoxysilane TEOS affected using polyvinyl alcohol PVA. The presence of PVA was important in this synthesis and was effective on the porosity of the obtained silica-pillared clays. Based on the X-ray diffraction measurements, the basal spacings of the silica-pillared clays increased from 1.7 to 5.6 nm with an increase in the PVA concentration. As with the basal spacings, the peaks of the pore size distribution and the average pore diameter shifted up to approximately 3 nm. The pore volumes corresponded to the basal spacings expanded by cointercalation of PVA and polysiloxane. The pore properties and structures of the pillared clays were investigated and the results indicated the relation between the layer structure and pore structure. Key-words : Fluorohectorite, Intercalation, Mesoporous, Pillared clay, Sol-gel method, Polysiloxane IntroductionThe successful intercalations of pillaring species into the interlayer space of clay minerals have led to many attempts to prepare new classes of porous materials, which exhibit interesting properties for adsorption, separation and catalysis. Pillared clays are attracting interest with regard to their use under severe conditions since inorganic materials have better thermal and chemical stabilities than organic materials. Various sizes of inorganic polyhydroxocations have been intercalated as pillaring precursors to control the pore size.1-3 Silica is one of the oxides of interest for obtaining thermally stable and catalytically active pillared clays. Silica pillared clays have been prepared from a titania-silica or iron oxide-silica complex sol because silica precursors are silicate anions, which cannot enter between the clay sheets. [4][5][6] In spite of the large interlayer distance of the sol pillared clay, the obtained pores were mainly micropores due to the multilayer stacking the nanosize sol particles between the silicate layers. The mesoporous sol pillared clays have been synthesized using quaternary ammonium surfactants as templating agents.5,7-10 On the other hand, a silica pillared montmorillonite has been synthesized using ion exchangeable aminopropyltriethoxysilane APS to intercalate the clay sheets in aqueous solution instead of inorganic polyhydroxocations. The polycondensation by APS hydrolysis between the silicate layers was expected to form larger pores.11 However, there was no significant increase in the basal spacing even though the silica content significantly increased with the APS. The pore properties were not increased by the addition of an excess APS for the ion exchange capacity. The pre-intercalation of the alkylammonium ions between the clay layers and the controlled addition of water to the reaction achieved a significant enhancement in the surface area and pore volume. Polysiloxane, which are polycondensation of APS molecules, has been incorporated into

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High Surface Area Solids Obtained by Reaction of Montmorillonite with Zirconyl Chloride

Cited by 240 publications

References 8 publications

Synthesis and Fabrication of Inorganic Porous Materials: From Nanometer to Millimeter Sizes

Synthesis and Fabrication of Inorganic Porous Materials: From Nanometer to Millimeter Sizes

Physicochemical Properties of Montmorillonite Interlayered with Cationic Oxyaluminum Pillars

Preparation of Silica-Pillared Fluorohectorite by Cointercalation of Polysiloxane and Polyvinyl Alcohol

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