Abstract--By ion exchanging expandable clay minerals with large, cationic oxyaluminum polymers, "pillars" were introduced that permanently prop open the clay layers. On the basis of thermal, infrared spectroscopic, adsorption, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, the interlayering of commercial sodium bentonite with aluminum chlorohydroxide, lAI1304(OH)24(HzO)12] +7, polymers appears to have produced an expanded clay with a surface area of 200-300 m2/g. The pillared product contained both Br6nsted and Lewis acid sites. XRD and differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated that the micropore structure of this interlayered clay is stable to 540~ Between 540 ~ and 760~ the pillared day collapsed with a corresponding decrease in surface area (to 55 m2/g) and catalytic cracking activity for a Kuwait gas oil having a 260~176 boiling range.

The intercalation behaviour of a-zirconium phosphate, Zr(HPO,), . H,O, towards nalkylamines has been examined. Amines with small carbon chains (C,-C,) initially form a phase in which the chain backbone lies parallel to the zirconium phosphate layers. As more amine is intercalated the amines form a bilayer in which the carbon chains incline at roughly 60" to the zirconium phosphate layers. Methyl and propylamine form disordered gels at intermediate levels of intercalation but recrystallize at high levels of amine uptake. The longer-chain amines form a bilayer even at low uptakes. The wet intercalates contain 10-12 mol water per formula weight, mostly as interparticle water rearrangement. On drying to the monohydrates, the interlayer spacings do not change when the solids have a high amine content. At lower amine contents the amine rearranges to yield phases with lower interlayer spacings.

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