Intercalation of n-alkylamines by α-zirconium phosphate

Abstract

The intercalation behaviour of a-zirconium phosphate, Zr(HPO,), . H,O, towards nalkylamines has been examined. Amines with small carbon chains (C,-C,) initially form a phase in which the chain backbone lies parallel to the zirconium phosphate layers. As more amine is intercalated the amines form a bilayer in which the carbon chains incline at roughly 60" to the zirconium phosphate layers. Methyl and propylamine form disordered gels at intermediate levels of intercalation but recrystallize at high levels of amine uptake. The longer-chain amines form a bilayer even at low uptakes. The wet intercalates contain 10-12 mol water per formula weight, mostly as interparticle water rearrangement. On drying to the monohydrates, the interlayer spacings do not change when the solids have a high amine content. At lower amine contents the amine rearranges to yield phases with lower interlayer spacings.

The effect of guest molecular architecture and host crystallinity upon the mechanism of the intercalation reaction

“…The only tiny difference is a slightly lowered interlayer distance at higher intercalation ratios and a slightly delayed transition from the first phase to the second phase, both of which can be attributed to the higher intercalation energy barrier from α-ZrP HC . Similar stepwise intercalation process on the high crystallinity α-ZrP by other in- tercalating molecules have been observed before [40,41]. Overall, it was observed that using high crystallinity α-ZrP led to different intercalation processes as expected, but similar final intercalation compounds.…”

EPR as a Tool To Investigate the Transition Metal Chemistry on Oxide Surfaces

“…[102][103][104] The synthesis of these materials involves the use of ionic surfactants which interact with the inorganic ions to form ordered mesostructures. Recently, a new family of mesoporous molecular sieves designed as M41S has been discovered.…”

Nature's Nanoparticles: Group 4 Phosphonates

“…If the amine is added as a titrant, several phases are found to form before the saturation point. 13 Titration to the half-end point with propylamine results in swelling of the layers and addition of water with sonication results in exfoliation of the layers. Exfoliation may also be induced by intercalation of ammonium salts such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide or the tetrabutylammonium cation.…”