High Temperature Corrosion and Dioxin Abatement Using Sulfur Recirculation in a Waste-to-Energy Plant

Andersson, Sven; Paz, María Dolores; Phother-Simon, Julien; Jonsson, Torbjörn

doi:10.31025/2611-4135/2019.13784

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…48,53,54 Recently also sulfuric acid has been proposed as an additive, in a process where sulfur is captured from the flue gas and recirculated. 55,56 This is a novel technique for reducing the high-temperature corrosion and dioxin formation in waste-fired plants. SO 2 is separated from the flue gas in a wet scrubber downstream of the HCl scrubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfation of Gaseous KCl by H₂SO₄

Chanpirak

Jensen

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The sulfation of gaseous KCl by H2SO4 in the presence of O2 and H2O was investigated in a laboratory laminar flow reactor at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from 873 to 1523 K. The degree of sulfation was characterized by analysis of the elemental composition (Cl, S, and K) of the submicrometer particles captured on a filter downstream of the reactor. Furthermore, concentrations of HCl and SO2 in the outlet were measured. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of a detailed chemical kinetic model for the K/S/Cl chemistry. The degree of KCl sulfation depends on the reaction temperature and the reactant concentrations. The results show that H2SO4 is effective in sulfating KCl to K2SO4 at temperatures in the range 1073–1273 K, in particular at high H2SO4/KCl ratios. At temperatures of 1373 K and above, the sulfation efficiency decreases rapidly because alkali sulfate formation is no longer thermodynamically favored. The kinetic analysis shows that reaction is initiated by decomposition of sulfuric acid: H2SO4 + H2O ⇄ SO3 + H2O + H2O. Then KCl reacts directly with SO3 to form the intermediate KSO3Cl, which is further converted via KHSO4 to gaseous K2SO4. As the gas is cooled downstream of the isothermal zone, potassium sulfate nucleates homogeneously to form an aerosol, promoting further sulfation in the gas phase. The simulations are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results, predicting correctly the temperature window for the process. However, the model overpredicts the SO2 yield at high temperature, indicating that the K/S interactions under these conditions are not fully understood. The results are important, both for validation of models of K/Cl/S interactions in combustion and for characterization of the sulfation of KCl by sulfuric acid to evaluate the potential of the sulfur recirculation process and identify the optimum process conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfation of Gaseous KCl by H₂SO₄

Chanpirak

Jensen

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…This relates to corrosion damage on heating surfaces, which is generally the main concern during heat and power generation . On the other hand, the injection of sulfur-rich liquids may reduce corrosion caused by chloride deposits as sulfur may react with the alkali to form alkali sulfates, which are less problematic than alkali chlorides regarding corrosion. , Such systems have been implemented at commercial-scale facilities (for example, the sulfur circulation concept was recently demonstrated at full scale by). However, the recirculation of the scrubber effluent at commercial-scale incineration plants is uncommon due to the potentially malign effects by the inorganic constituents and the large capital value of the industrial equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recirculation of NO_x and SO_x Scrubber Effluent to an Industrial Grate Fired MSW Boiler─Influence on Combustion Performance, Deposition Behavior, and Flue Gas Composition

et al. 2022

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The concept of scrubber effluent recirculation has recently received attention in connection to NO x emission control. Here, we present data from an industrial-scale MSW-fired plant, where effluent from a combined NO x and SO x scrubber was recirculated and injected into a grate-fired boiler. The combustion characteristics were carefully studied during the injections to observe the potential effects on burnout and flue gas composition. In addition, deposition measurements were performed to observe effects on growth rate and chemical composition of deposits, which are critical factors for any solid fuel-fired heat and power plant. The recirculation of the nitrogen-rich waste streams was performed via pre-existing liquid injection equipment, and the results show that the N-containing compounds in the scrubber effluent were efficaciously reduced to inert nitrogen gas. Furthermore, the recirculation of the scrubber effluent may reduce ammonia demand for selective non-catalytic reduction systems by inhibiting the formation of ammonium chloride. Sulfur and alkali components in the effluent increased the deposition growth rate and also changed the chemical composition of the deposits. Understanding how the local conditions at the injection point influence the distribution and speciation of the injected compounds is essential for a successful recirculation strategy.

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The Influence of Sulfuric Acid Injection on Deposit Formation in a Waste-to-Energy Plant

Cao,

Du,

Andersson

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technology is the most competitive and mature technology for producing heat and electricity from municipal solid waste (MSW). However, the electrical efficiency of WtE plants is constrained by the formation of corrosive deposits on the superheaters. The present work deals with the sulfur recirculation technology, which was aimed at reducing the corrosion rate of the superheaters and dioxin formation in WtE plants, by recirculating the sulfur from the wet flue gas cleaning back to the boiler in the form of sulfuric acid. To improve the understanding of how sulfuric acid injection influences the ash chemistry and deposition rate, full-scale measurements in a WtE plant equipped with sulfur recirculation were carried out by using an advanced deposit probe system. The sulfuric acid was injected into two different positions, A (flue gas temperature ∼1000 °C) and B (flue gas temperature ∼730 °C) inside the boiler. Compared to the reference operation without sulfuric acid injection, injecting sulfuric acid equivalent to 170−920 mg SO 2 /Nm 3 reduced the Cl/S molar ratio in fly ash from 2.3 to a minimum of 0.6, and in deposits from 0.8 to a minimum of 0.2. The short-term (14−15 h) deposition rate also decreased from 19 g/h/m 2 to a minimum of 7 g/h/m 2 . The reduction in both the Cl/S ratio and the short-term deposition rate was more effective with sulfur injection at position B compared with position A. This was attributed to the increased generation of SO 3 at position B, which facilitated the sulfation of alkali chlorides. This phenomenon was supported by chemical kinetic modeling. A long-term (1 week) deposition test was conducted with a sulfur dosage of ∼200 mg of SO 2 /Nm 3 at position B after 60 h of reference operation. This resulted in a higher deposition rate of 22 g/h/m 2 compared to the short-term deposition rate (7−13 g/h/m 2 ). This suggests that the deposition rate increases over time, indicating the need for further research to understand this phenomenon.

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High Temperature Corrosion and Dioxin Abatement Using Sulfur Recirculation in a Waste-to-Energy Plant

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Sulfation of Gaseous KCl by H₂SO₄

Sulfation of Gaseous KCl by H₂SO₄

Recirculation of NO_x and SO_x Scrubber Effluent to an Industrial Grate Fired MSW Boiler─Influence on Combustion Performance, Deposition Behavior, and Flue Gas Composition

The Influence of Sulfuric Acid Injection on Deposit Formation in a Waste-to-Energy Plant

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High Temperature Corrosion and Dioxin Abatement Using Sulfur Recirculation in a Waste-to-Energy Plant

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Sulfation of Gaseous KCl by H2SO4

Sulfation of Gaseous KCl by H2SO4

Recirculation of NOx and SOx Scrubber Effluent to an Industrial Grate Fired MSW Boiler─Influence on Combustion Performance, Deposition Behavior, and Flue Gas Composition

The Influence of Sulfuric Acid Injection on Deposit Formation in a Waste-to-Energy Plant

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Product

Resources

About

Sulfation of Gaseous KCl by H₂SO₄

Sulfation of Gaseous KCl by H₂SO₄

Recirculation of NO_x and SO_x Scrubber Effluent to an Industrial Grate Fired MSW Boiler─Influence on Combustion Performance, Deposition Behavior, and Flue Gas Composition