Ion-irradiation hardening of pure tungsten (W) single crystal was evaluated by nanoindentation (NI) technique considering material pileup effect. Pure W single crystals of (001) surface orientation were ion-irradiated with 6.4 MeV Fe 3+ to 0.1 dpa, 1 dpa or 2 dpa at 573 K. The irradiation hardening was evaluated by means of NI measurements with elastic-modulus-based correction (EMC) method [C. Heintze et al.: J. Nucl. Mater. 472 (2016) 196-205]. The effect of material pile-up in tungsten was so signi cant that the bulk equivalent hardness values by EMC method were about 70% and 85% of uncorrected results for irradiated and unirradiated W(001), respectively. The ion-irradiation hardening values by EMC based method were approximately 40%, 50% and 60% of uncorrected results for 0.1 dpa, 1 dpa and 2 dpa, respectively. The measured maximum pile-up height was higher for irradiated W(001) than for unirradiated W(001) at each indentation depth. An averaged pileup height that was associated with the actual area of contact of pile up obtained from EMC hardness showed different responses to ion-irradiation depending on the indentation depth.