High-Temperature Oxidation of Steel under Linear Flow Rates of Air and Water Vapor—An Experimental Determined Set of Data

Gaiser, Georg; Presoly, Peter; Bernhard, Christian

doi:10.3390/met13050892

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…Previous research on the effects of water vapor on the oxidation of steel has been summarized by Saunders [9]. The oxidation kinetics of steel in water vapor-containing atmospheres have been studied previously [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Rahmel and Tobolski [10] found no effects from water vapor (2-69%) on the oxidation rate at 750 • C, but at 950 • C with the highest concentration of water, the oxidation rate was increased by a factor of 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide Scale Formation on Low-Carbon Steels in Future Reheating Conditions

Haapakangas,

Riikonen,

Airaksinen

et al. 2024

Metals

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The mitigation of CO2 emissions is one of the major areas of research in iron ore-based steelmaking. In this study, four simulated current and potential future reheating scenarios with different fuel and oxidizer gases were studied regarding the amount of oxide formation and the adhesion of the steel–oxide interface: (1) methane–air; (2) coke oven gas–air; (3) hydrogen–air; (4) and an oxyfuel scenario with 50:50 methane/hydrogen as fuel gases. Isothermal oxidation tests were conducted at temperatures of 1150, 1230 and 1300 °C. Four low-carbon steel grades were tested in the previously mentioned gas atmospheres. The structure and composition of the formed oxide scales was analyzed with FESEM-EDS microscopy. The amount of oxide formation correlated with the water vapor content of the gas atmosphere for all four steel grades; however, notable differences were found between individual steel grades regarding the degree of oxidation increase. No clear evidence was found of the gas atmospheres affecting the adhesion of oxide scales to the steel substrate. The adhesion of the interface was mainly determined by the content of silicon in the steel grade and the test temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide Scale Formation on Low-Carbon Steels in Future Reheating Conditions

Haapakangas,

Riikonen,

Airaksinen

et al. 2024

Metals

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On the Role of Tramp Elements for Surface Defect Formation in Continuous Casting of Steel

Bernhard,

Gaiser,

Bernhard

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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In the course of the decarbonization of steel production, electric steel production will continue to gain importance. The processing of low‐quality scrap will also play an important role, which may lead to an increase in the content of so‐called tramp elements in steel production and further processing. This article examines the effect of the elements Cu, Sn, and Ni on the formation of surface cracks under the conditions of the continuous casting process. Results of an in situ bending test are compared with the results of the experimental simulation of high‐temperature oxidation and thermodynamic analysis based on the CALculation of PHase Diagrams (CALPHAD) approach. For a temperature of 900 °C, an equivalent Cu content of 0.20 wt% must be considered as the critical upper limit. The presumable reason is the existence of Cu‐ and Sn‐rich liquid phases at the austenite grain boundaries. The results clearly show the effect of the investigated elements but also point to the importance of the gas atmosphere and cooling conditions on the results. This can be a groundbreaking result for extending the process window for casting steels with increased tramp element contents.

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