High-temperature synthesis of a cast material with a maximum content of the MAX phase Cr2AlC

Горшков, В. А.; Miloserdov, P. A.; Лугинина, М. А.; Сачкова, Н. В.; Belikova, A. F.

doi:10.1134/s0020168517030062

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The combustion wave in the CaCrO 4 + Al + C mixture propagated at U c = 11 and 7.5 mm/s combustion velocities (with low and high carbon contents) contribute to the formation of Cr 2 AlC (67 vol%), chromium carbide (Cr 7 C 3 ) and chromium aluminide (Cr 5 Al), whose ratio can be changed by varying the carbon amount in the initial mixture [74], and at certain carbon amount achieve practically single-phase Cr 2 AlC [75]. It was demonstrated that an increase in the content of the Cr 2 AlC MAX phase in the final product and a decrease in the Cr 5 Al 8 and Cr 3 C 2 phase contents occur with an increase in the carbon and aluminum contents (to above their stoichiometric proportions) in the initial mixture [76]. Highly pure (according to the XRD patterns obtained) and chemically stable Cr 2 AlC was produced via the aluminothermic reductions of the Cr III and Cr VI oxides [76].…”

Section: Shs Metallothermymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was demonstrated that an increase in the content of the Cr 2 AlC MAX phase in the final product and a decrease in the Cr 5 Al 8 and Cr 3 C 2 phase contents occur with an increase in the carbon and aluminum contents (to above their stoichiometric proportions) in the initial mixture [76]. Highly pure (according to the XRD patterns obtained) and chemically stable Cr 2 AlC was produced via the aluminothermic reductions of the Cr III and Cr VI oxides [76]. It was demonstrated that the addition of excess Al and C accompanied with the increase in the weight of the initial mixture to a hundred grams increases the melt "lifetime" and the conversion degree of the precursors and the intermediates.…”

Section: Shs Metallothermymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustion Synthesis of MAX Phases: Microstructure and Properties Inherited from the Processing Pathway

Aydinyan

2023

Crystals

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The MAX phases exhibit outstanding combination of strength and ductility which are unique features of both metals and ceramics. The preparation of pure MAX phases has been challenging due to the thermodynamic auspiciousness of intermetallic formation in the ternary systems. This review demonstrates the power of the self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis method, delivers the main findings of the combustion synthesis optimization of the MAX phases, and reveals the influence of the combustion wave on the microstructure features thereof. The possibility of using elements and binary compounds as precursors, oxidizers, and diluents to control the exothermicity was comparatively analyzed from the point of view of the final composition and microstructure in the following systems: Ti-Al-C, Ti-V-Al-C, Cr-V-Al-C, Ti-Cr-Al-C, Ti-Nb-Al-C, Ti-Al-Si-C, Ti-Al-Sn-C, Ti-Al-N, Ti-Al-C-N, Ti-Al-B, Ti-Si-B, Ti-Si-C, Nb-Al-C, Cr-Al-C, Cr-Mn-Al-C, V-Al-C, Cr-V-Al-C, Ta-Al-C, Zr-S-C, Cr-Ga-C, Zr-Al-C, and Mo-Al-C, respectively. The influence of sample preparation (including the processes of preheating, mechanical activation, and microwave heating, sample geometry, porosity, and cold pressing) accompanied with the heating and cooling rates and the ambient gas pressure on the combustion parameters was deduced. The combustion preparation of the MAX phases was then summarized in chronological order. Further improvements of the synthesis conditions, along with recommendations for the products quality and microstructure control were given. The comparison of the mechanical properties of the MAX phases prepared by different approaches was illustrated wherever relevant.

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Section: Shs Metallothermymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shs Metallothermymentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Synthesis of MAX Phases: Microstructure and Properties Inherited from the Processing Pathway

Aydinyan

2023

Crystals

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“…Other MAX phases include 312 and 413 of Ti 2 AlC ( Rampai and Tokoloho, 2011 ; Galvin et al, 2018 ; Gao et al, 2020 ; Poulou et al, 2021 ). The synthesis of the Cr 2 AlC MAX phase involves various methods such as the molten salt method ( Abdelkader, 2016 ), ball milling ( Ta et al, 2021 ; Mansouri et al, 2023 ), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ( Gorshkov et al, 2017 ), Physical vapor deposition (PVD) ( Rueß et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2024 ) and, notably, the sol-gel method. In the previous literature, the sol-gel method was utilized to fabricate the Cr 2 GaC MAX phase ( Siebert et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of chromium aluminum carbide MAX phases (CrxAlCx-1) for potential biomedical applications

Shahbaz,

Sabir,

Amin

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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MAX phases, characterized as nanolaminates of ternary carbides/nitrides structure, possess a unique combination of ceramic and metallic properties, rendering them pivotal in materials research. In this study, chromium aluminum carbide ternary compounds, Cr2AlC (211), Cr3AlC2 (312), and Cr4AlC3 (413) were successfully synthesized with high purity using a facile and cost-effective sol-gel method. Structural, morphological, and chemical characterization of the synthesized phases was conducted to understand the effects of composition changes and explore potential applications. Comprehensive characterization techniques including XRD for crystalline structure elucidations, SEM for morphological analysis, EDX for chemical composition, Raman spectroscopy for elucidation of vibrational modes, XPS to analyze elemental composition and surface chemistry, and FTIR spectroscopy to ensure the functional groups analysis, were performed. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the high purity of the synthesized Cr2AlC phase as well as other ternary compounds Cr3AlC2 and Cr4AlC3, suggesting its suitability as a precursor for MXenes production. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and biocompatibility assessments against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and HepG2 cell line were investigated. The results demonstrated significant antifungal activity of the synthesized phases against Candida albicans and negligible impact on the viability of E. coli and S. aureus. Interestingly, lower concentrations of Cr2AlC MAX phase induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by triggering intercellular oxidative stress, while Cr3AlC2 and Cr4AlC3 exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to Cr2AlC, highlighting their potential in biomedical applications.

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“…Ее особенность состоит в использовании смесей оксидов металлов, металла-восстановителя (Al, Mg) и углерода. При определенном соотношении реагентов температура горения таких смесей превышают температуру плавления исходных веществ и конечных продуктов [19][20][21]. В результате продукт формируется в жидкофазном состоянии, происходит фазоразделение, а материал после охлаждения -литой.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…В результате продукт формируется в жидкофазном состоянии, происходит фазоразделение, а материал после охлаждения -литой. Впервые метод СВС-металлургии для синтеза МАХ-фаз был применен для получения Cr 2 AlC [19].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Nb2AlC MAX phase synthesis by SHS metallurgy

Ковалев

Miloserdov

Горшков

et al. 2019

Izv. VUZ. Poroshk. Met.

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A cast material based on the Nb2AlC MAX phase was obtained by SHS metallurgy. Synthesis was carried out from the Nb2O5– Al–C mixture with a high-energy CaO2–Al additive. Thermodynamic calculation results correlate well with experimental data. It was found that the CaO2–Al additive content has a substantial effect on the thermodynamic parameters and phase composition of the final product. It was shown that synthesis from the specified mixtures passed in a stationary mode with steady combustion wave. Increasing the additive content leads to increasing combustion rate (from 6 to 12 mm/s), and product yield to ingot increases (from 30 to 47 %) up to 15 wt.% of the additive and then decreases. Variation in the composition of initial mixtures can provide a significant impact on both synthesis parameters and final product phase composition. Optimal conditions of material synthesis to ensure maximum yield of the Nb2AlC MAX phase in the ingot composition were determined. The liquid phase lifetime during synthesis is a determining factor influencing the Nb2AlC content in the final product. It is shown that the maximum Nb2AlC phase amount (67 wt.%) is reached with 15 wt.% of the high-energy additive in the initial charge.

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High-temperature synthesis of a cast material with a maximum content of the MAX phase Cr2AlC

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Combustion Synthesis of MAX Phases: Microstructure and Properties Inherited from the Processing Pathway

Combustion Synthesis of MAX Phases: Microstructure and Properties Inherited from the Processing Pathway

Synthesis and characterization of chromium aluminum carbide MAX phases (CrxAlCx-1) for potential biomedical applications

Nb2AlC MAX phase synthesis by SHS metallurgy

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