High-Virulence Cat-Transmitted Ocular Sporotrichosis

Filho, Armando Marsden Lacerda; Cavalcante, Cecília Menelau; Silva, Andrey Batista Da; Inácio, Cícero Pinheiro; Lima-Neto, Reginaldo Gonçalves de; Andrade, Melyna Chaves Leite de; Magalhães, Oliane Maria Correia; Santos, Franz de Assis Graciano dos; Neves, Rejane Pereira

doi:10.1007/s11046-019-00347-6

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Recently, a case series of human zoonotic sporotrichosis has been described in Brasilia (Federal District; Midwestern Region) [31]. Only three other publications from the same region of the present study were found, two of them from Pernambuco state [18,32] and a case report of primary pulmonary sporotrichosis in an apparently immunocompetent female patient published by our group [7]. Apart from Brazil, cat-transmitted sporotrichosis was only reported recently in the North area of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, specifically in rural areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

et al. 2021

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Background Sporotrichosis is a worldwide subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix spp. In the past, this infection was associated with armadillo hunting, horticulturists, miners, and gardeners, being considered an implantation mycosis acquired by plant debris injury. Nevertheless, since the late nineties, it has been considered a zoonotic disease in Brazil. Here we report a case series of 121 patients with cat-transmitted sporotrichosis seen in Northeast Brazil. Methodology/Principal findings Patient’s demographic, clinical data, and length of treatment were recorded. In addition, a mycological examination and further PCR confirmation of species identification were performed. One hundred and twenty two patients were diagnosed with subcutaneous sporotrichosis from October 2016 to December 2019, while PCR revealed that 71 of them were due to S. brasiliensis. The majority of the individuals were female (n = 86; 70.5%). Patient’s age ranged from 5 to 87 years old. The clinical forms found were lymphocutaneous (58.2%) and fixed cutaneous (39.4%). Interestingly, 115 patients reported previous contact with cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. Patients were successfully treated with itraconazole and potassium iodide. Conclusions/Significance Our study adds important contributions for the investigation of the spread of cat-transmitted subcutaneous sporotrichosis in Brazil, specifically towards the Northeast region of a continental-size country. It will also help clinicians to be aware of the existence and importance to accurately diagnose sporotrichosis and treat patients with this infectious disease in the lowest income region of Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

et al. 2021

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“…Although sporotrichosis is primarily a dermatozoonosis, atypical clinical manifestations, such as the ocular manifestation described here, may occur (Schubach et al, 2004). Several case series or case reports of ocular sporotrichosis affecting human patients have previously been published (Arinelli et al, 2020;Lacerda et al, 2019;Ribeiro et al, 2020). Nevertheless, only two previous studies of ocular involvement in a domestic feline with this mycosis have been published (Silva et al, 2008;Spinelli et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Ocular lesions in a domestic feline:

Mothé

Reis

Melivilu

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Sporotrichosis is a dermatozoonosis, caused by dimorphic pathogenic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Although Sporothrix brasiliensis is the most frequent and pathogenic species identified from the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of its molecular diagnosis from a cat with ocular lesions. A 3-month old female, domestic feline presented an ocular manifestation with granuloma in the lower-left palpebral conjunctiva, in addition to mucocutaneous lesions in varied locations throughout the body. Samples were collected for subsequent cytopathology, fungal culture, serology, and molecular genotyping. Itraconazole was prescribed for the treatment of sporotrichosis and the animal was considered clinically cured at the end of 5 months of treatment and discharged. S. brasiliensis cat interactions can manifest with a multitude of clinical forms that resemble either infectious or noninfectious diseases. Both the need for meticulous cat physical evaluation by a veterinarian followed by accurate laboratory diagnosis are key Public Health measures in the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic area.

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“…After the description of Sporothrix schenckii species complex by Marimon and collaborators [1], 150 cases of sporotrichosis with ocular involvement were published. Just 4.6% out of these cases had the isolation and fungal characterization at the species level (Table 1), being one case by S. pallida [29] and six other cases by S. brasiliensis [4,[30][31][32]. However, in one of these studies [4], the fungus was not isolated from a clinical specimen recovered from the eyes, being disseminated disease presumed as a possible explanation to the diagnosis of ocular sporotrichosis associated to S. brasiliensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification by MALDI-TOF MS of Sporothrix brasiliensis Isolated from a Subconjunctival Infiltrative Lesion in an Immunocompetent Patient

et al. 2019

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Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dimorphic fungi belonging to the Sporothrix species complex that affects the skin of limbs predominantly, but not exclusively. A rare case of ocular sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent Brazilian patient from the countryside of Rio de Janeiro State is reported. A 68-year-old woman presented with a subconjunctival infiltrative lesion in the right eye with pre-auricular lymphadenopathy of onset 4 months ago that evolved to suppurative nodular lesions on the eyelids. Conjunctival secretion was evaluated by histopathological examination and inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Histopathology showed oval bodies within giant cells and other mononucleated histiocytes. Fungus grown on SDA was identified as Sporothrix sp. by morphological observations. The isolated strain was finally identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) associated with an in-house database enriched with reference Sporothrix complex spectra. The strain presented a MALDI spectrum with the ion peaks of the molecular mass profile of S. brasiliensis. The patient was adequately treated with amphotericin B subsequently replaced by itraconazole. Due to scars left by the suppurative process, the patient presented poor final visual acuity. The present work presents an overview of ocular sporotrichosis and discusses the diagnostic difficulty that can lead to visual sequelae in these cases.

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High-Virulence Cat-Transmitted Ocular Sporotrichosis

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

Ocular lesions in a domestic feline:

Identification by MALDI-TOF MS of Sporothrix brasiliensis Isolated from a Subconjunctival Infiltrative Lesion in an Immunocompetent Patient

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