High Voltage Electrophoretic Deposition of Aligned Nanoforests for Scalable Nanomanufacturing of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Santhanagopalan, S.; Balram, Anirudh; Lucas, Evan; Marcano, Franco; Meng, Dennis De Sheng

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.507.67

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…1a,b) without the use of PMMA or other conventional polymer stabilization routes. Utilizing SWCNTs suspended in surfactantfree polar solvents [6][7][8], electrophoretic processing is scalable, inexpensive [9], capable of integration with manufacturing platforms, such as roll-to-roll or industrial systems [12][13][14], and overcomes the limitations of other SWCNT electrophoretic approaches which utilize surfactant [10,11]. We specifically observe stabilization of 3-D graphene foams that are found to maintain pristine optical response and significantly improved electrical response in comparison to PMMA-stabilized materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Electrophoretic stabilization of freestanding pristine graphene foams with carbon nanotubes for enhanced optical and electrical response

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tGraphene materials, including three-dimensional foams, are commonly transferred from growth substrates using polymer stabilization processes. Even after harsh chemical and annealing treatments to remove the polymer, residues remain which compromise the electronic, thermal, gravimetric, and chemical properties of the graphene. To overcome this, we present a scalable, clean approach to stabilize graphene foams by conformal electrophoretic deposition of web-like networks of surfactant-free singlewalled carbon nanotubes directly from polar solvents. We demonstrate these coatings to yield a pristine stabilized graphene material exhibiting 50x lower electrical resistance and a 10 cm À 1 optical red-shift in the Raman G′ double resonance mode in comparison to polymer-stabilized graphene. This approach enables the formation of three-dimensional architectures of nanomaterials without the adverse effects associated with residual impurities from polymer and chemical processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Electrophoretic stabilization of freestanding pristine graphene foams with carbon nanotubes for enhanced optical and electrical response

et al. 2015

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“…However, the negative charges of the IPA‐dispersed CNTs are often found insufficient to support their effective deposition using EPD. In order to improve the deposition characteristics of the dispersed CNTs, charging agents such as surfactants and charging salts are often used. The metal salts dissolved in the dispersion medium typically provide metal ions with positive charges to the CNTs.…”

Section: Working Mechanism — Electrophoretic Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing reports of superhydrophobic coatings produced by EPD usually employ spherical particles with additional nonconductive coatings . Previous works by our team have demonstrated the ability to control the orientation of electrophoretically deposited 1D nanomaterials such as CNT and MnO 2 nanorods. The technology has also been employed to align highly crystalline MnO 2 nanorods as high‐performance redox capacitors with excellent durability along with demonstration of a continuous deposition process to scale up the fabrication .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretically‐Deposited Metal‐Decorated CNT Nanoforests with High Thermal/Electric Conductivity and Wettability Tunable from Hydrophilic to Superhydrophobic

Balram

Santhanagopalan

Hao

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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A single-step, room-temperature, and scalable electrophoretic deposition process is reported to form nanocomposites on any electrically conductive surface with metal nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The contact angles (CAs) can be easily tuned from ≈60° to 168° by varying the deposition voltage, while hydrophobicity and superhydrophobicity surprisingly arise from the hydrophilic CNTs being deposited. The relatively high voltage tends to vertically align CNTs during deposition, leading to architectural micro/nanoscale roughness on the surface. The combination of the multiscale roughness along with the low surface energy of hydrocarbon functional groups on the CNT surface has enabled facile wettability control, including the Petal and Lotus effects. Further, the relatively vertical orientation of the CNTs, without any coating, allows for current and heat transfer along their axis with superior conductivity. Similar behavior in terms of CA control is seen for all three divalent metal ions in the deposition solution (i.e., Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) that are used to charge the CNTs while eventually getting co-deposited. This implies that this method could possibly be extended to other metals by selecting appropriate charging salt. A patterning technique is also demonstrated for facile fabrication of superhydrophobic CNT-metal islands surrounded by hydrophilic CNT coating.

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“…Among the publications related to nanoparticles coating via EPD, only a few provide the information of continuous deposition. Santhanagopalan et al reported the continuous deposition of CNTs on long strips of metal foil; a pump with a flow rate of eight mL/min was used to replenish the CNT dispersion [10]. Three research groups, led by Jiang [11,12], Li [13], and Huang [14], respectively, reported the coating of graphene oxide on carbon fibers and fiber tows continuously via EPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Electrophoretic Deposition Prototype for Continuous Production of Carbon Nanotube-Modified Carbon Fiber Fabrics Used in High-Performance Multifunctional Composites

Gong¹,

Nyström²,

Sandlund³

et al. 2018

Fibers

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An electrophoretic deposition (EPD) prototype was developed aiming at the continuous production of carbon nanotube (CNT) deposited carbon fiber fabric. Such multi-scale reinforcement was used to manufacture carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The overall objective was to improve the mechanical performance and functionalities of CFRP composites. In the current study, the design concept and practical limit of the continuous EPD prototype, as well as the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength, were the focus. Initial mechanical tests showed that the flexural stiffness and strength of composites with the developed reinforcement were significantly reduced with respect to the composites with pristine reinforcement. However, optical microscopy study revealed that geometrical imperfections, such as waviness and misalignment, had been introduced into the reinforcement fibers and/or bundles when being pulled through the EPD bath, collected on a roll, and dried. These defects are likely to partly or completely shadow any enhancement of the mechanical properties due to the CNT deposit. In order to eliminate the effect of the discovered defects, the pristine reinforcement was subjected to the same EPD treatment, but without the addition of CNT in the EPD bath. When compared with such water-treated reinforcement, the CNT-deposited reinforcement clearly showed a positive effect on the flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength of the composites. It was also discovered that CNTs agglomerate with time under the electric field due to the change of ionic density, which is possibly due to the electrolysis of water (for carboxylated CNT aqueous suspension without surfactant) or the deposition of ionic surfactant along with CNT deposition (for non-functionalized CNT aqueous suspension with surfactant). Currently, this sets time limits for the continuous deposition.

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High Voltage Electrophoretic Deposition of Aligned Nanoforests for Scalable Nanomanufacturing of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Electrophoretic stabilization of freestanding pristine graphene foams with carbon nanotubes for enhanced optical and electrical response

Electrophoretic stabilization of freestanding pristine graphene foams with carbon nanotubes for enhanced optical and electrical response

Electrophoretically‐Deposited Metal‐Decorated CNT Nanoforests with High Thermal/Electric Conductivity and Wettability Tunable from Hydrophilic to Superhydrophobic

Development of Electrophoretic Deposition Prototype for Continuous Production of Carbon Nanotube-Modified Carbon Fiber Fabrics Used in High-Performance Multifunctional Composites

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