High Volumetric Capacity of Hollow Structured SnO<sub>2</sub>@Si Nanospheres for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ma, Tianyi; Yu, Xiangnan; Li, Huiyu; Zhang, Wenguang; Cheng, Xiaolu; Zhu, Wentao; Qiu, Xinping

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01674

Cited by 167 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The experimental studies on the size effect have demonstrated that nanomaterials exhibit better capacity retention as compared to their bulk counterparts (Ryu et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012a). Many different nanostructures have been developed, such as nanoparticles (Liu et al, 2012a;Zhou et al, 2012;Shelke et al, 2017), nanospheres (Ma et al, 2007(Ma et al, , 2017, nanowires (Chan et al, 2008;Kennedy et al, 2016), nanotubes (Shim et al, 2016;Park et al, 2009), and nanocones (Zhang et al, 2010), with an improved cycling life and better performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction

et al. 2018

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Silicon is considered as a promising anode material for the next-generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) due to its high capacity at nanoscale. However, silicon expands up to 300% during lithiation, which induces high stresses and leads to fractures. To design silicon nanostructures that could minimize fracture, it is important to understand and characterize stress states in the silicon nanostructures during lithiation. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction has proven to be effective in revealing insights of mechanical stress and other mechanics considerations in small-scale crystalline structures used in many important technological applications, such as microelectronics, nanotechnology, and energy systems. In the present study, an in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction experiment was conducted to elucidate the mechanical stress states during the first electrochemical cycle of lithiation in single-crystalline silicon nanowires (SiNWs) in an LIB test cell. Morphological changes in the SiNWs at different levels of lithiation were also studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found from SEM observation that lithiation commenced predominantly at the top surface of SiNWs followed by further progression toward the bottom of the SiNWs gradually. The hydrostatic stress of the crystalline core of the SiNWs at different levels of electrochemical lithiation was determined using the in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction technique. We found that the crystalline core of the SiNWs became highly compressive (up to -325.5 MPa) once lithiation started. This finding helps unravel insights about mechanical stress states in the SiNWs during the electrochemical lithiation, which could potentially pave the path toward the fracture-free design of silicon nanostructure anode materials in the next-generation LIB.

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Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction

et al. 2018

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“…There are usually three main steps in this method: template synthesis, the loading of target materials into the template, and template removal. Commonly used templates are removable monodisperse particles of silica, metal oxides, or polymer latexes …”

Section: Hierarchical Porous and Hollow‐structured Sno2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hierarchical Porous and Hollow‐structured Sno2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilizing silica nanospheres as templates, MA et al generated silicon‐coated SnO 2 (SnO 2 @Si) hollow nanospheres (Figure b); the hollow nanospheres were obtained by depositing SnO 2 on SiO 2 nanospheres, NaOH etching to remove the silica, and depositing a Si layer by CVD. The SnO 2 @Si hollow nanospheres expressed a stable capacity of 1030 mAh cm −3 (778 mAh g −1 ) after 500 cycles at 300 mA g −1 .…”

Section: Hierarchical Porous and Hollow‐structured Sno2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can catalyze the decomposition of Li 2 O and promote the conversion reaction from Sn and Li 2 O to SnO 2 for increased CE. Moreover, compositing SnO 2 with heterogenous materials having low voltage plateaus such as Si (≈0.4 V vs Li/Li + ) and Ge (≈0.5 V vs Li/Li + ) can notably lower the voltage plateau of the SnO 2 ‐based heterogenous anodes, which improves the energy density of full cells …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SnO₂ as Advanced Anode of Alkali‐Ion Batteries: Inhibiting Sn Coarsening by Crafting Robust Physical Barriers, Void Boundaries, and Heterophase Interfaces for Superior Electrochemical Reaction Reversibility

Zhao

Sewell

Liu

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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Superior reaction reversibility of electrode materials is urgently pursued for improving the energy density and lifespan of batteries. Tin dioxide (SnO2) is a promising anode material for alkali‐ion batteries, having a high theoretical lithium storage capacity of 1494 mAh g− based on the reactions of SnO2 + 4Li+ + 4e− ↔ Sn + 2Li2O and Sn + 4.4Li+ + 4.4e− ↔ Li4.4Sn. The coarsening of Sn nanoparticles into large particles induced reaction reversibility degradation has been demonstrated as the essential failure mechanism of SnO2 electrodes. Here, three key strategies for inhibiting Sn coarsening to enhance the reaction reversibility of SnO2 are presented. First, encapsulating SnO2 nanoparticles in physical barriers of carbonaceous materials, conductive polymers or inorganic materials can robustly prevent Sn coarsening among the wrapped SnO2 nanoparticles. Second, constructing hierarchical, porous or hollow structured SnO2 particles with stable void boundaries can hinder Sn coarsening between the void‐divided SnO2 subunits. Third, fabricating SnO2‐based heterogeneous composites consisting of metals, metal oxides or metal sulfides can introduce abundant heterophase interfaces in cycled electrodes that impede Sn coarsening among the isolated SnO2 crystalline domains. Finally, a perspective on the future prospect of the structural/compositional designs of SnO2 as anode of alkali‐ion batteries is highlighted.

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Transition Metal Oxide‐Based Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications: Synthesis, Properties, and Prospects

Ponnusamy,

Kandhasamy,

Gopi

et al. 2024

Nanostructured Materials for Energy Storage

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High Volumetric Capacity of Hollow Structured SnO₂@Si Nanospheres for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 167 publications

References 48 publications

Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction

Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction

SnO₂ as Advanced Anode of Alkali‐Ion Batteries: Inhibiting Sn Coarsening by Crafting Robust Physical Barriers, Void Boundaries, and Heterophase Interfaces for Superior Electrochemical Reaction Reversibility

Transition Metal Oxide‐Based Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications: Synthesis, Properties, and Prospects

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High Volumetric Capacity of Hollow Structured SnO2@Si Nanospheres for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 167 publications

References 48 publications

Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction

Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction

SnO2 as Advanced Anode of Alkali‐Ion Batteries: Inhibiting Sn Coarsening by Crafting Robust Physical Barriers, Void Boundaries, and Heterophase Interfaces for Superior Electrochemical Reaction Reversibility

Transition Metal Oxide‐Based Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications: Synthesis, Properties, and Prospects

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Product

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High Volumetric Capacity of Hollow Structured SnO₂@Si Nanospheres for Lithium-Ion Batteries

SnO₂ as Advanced Anode of Alkali‐Ion Batteries: Inhibiting Sn Coarsening by Crafting Robust Physical Barriers, Void Boundaries, and Heterophase Interfaces for Superior Electrochemical Reaction Reversibility