High- vs Low-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Interval Training in Patients with COPD

Preusser, Barbara A.; Winningham, Maryl L.; Clanton, Thomas L.

doi:10.1378/chest.106.1.110

Cited by 70 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Respiratory muscle training alone increased the respiratory muscle training of these patients, as also reported by others (36)(37)(38). Additionally, L-carnitine supplementation associated with respiratory muscle training significantly increased the inspiratory muscle strength of our patients compared to the placebo group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

L-carnitine as an ergogenic aid for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to whole-body and respiratory muscle training programs

Borghi‐Silva

Baldissera

Sampaio

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The effects of adding L-carnitine to a whole-body and respiratory training program were determined in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Sixteen COPD patients (66 ± 7 years) were randomly assigned to L-carnitine (CG) or placebo group (PG) that received either L-carnitine or saline solution (2 g/day, orally) for 6 weeks (forced expiratory volume on first second was 38 ± 16 and 36 ± 12%, respectively). Both groups participated in three weekly 30-min treadmill and threshold inspiratory muscle training sessions, with 3 sets of 10 loaded inspirations (40%) at maximal inspiratory pressure. Nutritional status, exercise tolerance on a treadmill and six-minute walking test, blood lactate, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory muscle strength were determined as baseline and on day 42. Maximal capacity in the incremental exercise test was significantly improved in both groups (P < 0.05). Blood lactate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and heart rate at identical exercise levels were lower in CG after training (P < 0.05). Inspiratory muscle strength and walking test tolerance were significantly improved in both groups, but the gains of CG were significantly higher than those of PG (40 ± 14 vs 14 ± 5 cmH 2 O, and 87 ± 30 vs 34 ± 29 m, respectively; P < 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was significantly lower in CG than in PG (1.6 ± 0.7 vs 2.3 ± 0.7 mM, P < 0.05). The present data suggest that carnitine can improve exercise tolerance and inspiratory muscle strength in COPD patients, as well as reduce lactate production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

L-carnitine as an ergogenic aid for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to whole-body and respiratory muscle training programs

Borghi‐Silva

Baldissera

Sampaio

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Joint guidelines in the USA 1) have indicated that adequate training loads (i.e., intensity ≥30% of PImax) are needed acquire treatment effects. In the studies which found the effect of inspiratory muscle strengthening by IMT, patients trained for 30 minutes once 15) [21][22][23][24][25][26] have revealed effects of increased inspiratory muscle strength, and a recent metaanalysis 4) has established this effect. Also in the relative recent studies [24][25][26] , the training setting was prescribed at 30% or more of the maximal inspiratory muscle strength for 30 minutes once or 15 minutes twice daily.…”

Section: Effect Of Ventilatory Muscle Strengtheningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies 16)18) [20][21][22][23][24] have stated that exercise tolerance and dyspnea during exercise can be improved by increasing ventilatory muscle strength. A recent metaanalysis 4) concluded that VMT improves dyspnea during exercise and may tend to increase exercise capacity.…”

Section: Influence Of Vmt On Exercise Tolerance and Dyspneamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Larson et al 16) suggested that IMT might desensitize patients to fear of dyspnea, while Preusser et al 22) considered that IMT might improve ventilatory limitation during endurance exercises in patients. However, since these mechanisms do not apply to the subjects of the present study, who were healthy individuals, other factors were considered responsible, such as improved neuromuscular coordination 16) , changes to ventilatory patterns 24) , reduced inspiration time and longer expiration time 7)16) , and delayed ventilatory muscle fatigue 20) .…”

Section: Influence Of Vmt On Exercise Tolerance and Dyspneamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Inspiratory and Expiratory Muscle Training in Normal Subjects

Sasaki

Kurosawa

Kohzuki

2005

J Jpn Phys Ther Assoc

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Abstract. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and expiratory muscle training (EMT) on ventilatory muscle strength, pulmonary function and responses during exercise testing. Young healthy women were randomly assigned to 3 groups: IMT (n=16); EMT (n=16); or untrained normal controls (NC, n=8). Subjects in the IMT and EMT groups trained for 15 minutes twice daily over 2 weeks at loads of 30% maximal inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength, respectively. Ventilatory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength; PImax and PEmax, respectively), pulmonary function and progressive exercise testing was performed. Both PI max and PE max increased in the IMT group, and PE max increased in the EMT group. Neither trained group demonstrated any change in pulmonary function or peak values during exercise testing. In the IMT group, exercise-induced increases in heart rate, oxygen uptake (VO2/kg) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) decreased with training, as did increases in VO 2 /kg and RPE in the EMT group. The increased ventilatory muscle strength in both IMT and EMT groups might improve ventilatory efficacy during exercise, and increased inspiratory muscle strength might facilitate oxygen delivery through improved circulatory responses.

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“…Following inspiratory muscle training (IMT) many studies have reported improvements in the performance of incremental or constant load tests of inspiratory muscle endurance relative to baseline values [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, reports of such improvements are less common when changes are compared with those observed in a control group [9,[11][12][13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of incremental and constant load tests of inspiratory muscle endurance in COPD

Hill

Jenkins²,

Philippe

et al. 2007

Eur Respir J

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The aim of the present study was to determine the relative value of incremental and constant load tests in detecting changes in inspiratory muscle endurance following high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (H-IMT) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.In total, 16 subjects (11 males; forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 37.4¡12.5%) underwent H-IMT. In addition, 17 subjects (11 males; FEV1 36.5¡11.5%) underwent sham inspiratory muscle training (S-IMT). Training took place three times a week for 8 weeks. Baseline and post-training measurements were obtained of maximum threshold pressure sustained during an incremental load test (Pth,max) and time breathing against a constant load (tlim). Breathing pattern was unconstrained.H-IMT increased Pth,max and tlim relative to baseline and to any change seen following S-IMT. The effect size for Pth,max was greater than for tlim. Post-training tests were accompanied by changes in breathing pattern, including decreased duty cycle, which may have served to decrease inspiratory work and thereby contribute to the increase in Pth,max and tlim in both groups.When assessing inspiratory muscle function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via tests in which the pattern of breathing is unconstrained, the current authors recommend incremental load tests be used in preference to constant load tests. However, to attribute changes in these tests to improvements in inspiratory muscle endurance, breathing pattern should be controlled.

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High- vs Low-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Interval Training in Patients with COPD

Cited by 70 publications

References 13 publications

L-carnitine as an ergogenic aid for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to whole-body and respiratory muscle training programs

L-carnitine as an ergogenic aid for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to whole-body and respiratory muscle training programs

Effects of Inspiratory and Expiratory Muscle Training in Normal Subjects

Comparison of incremental and constant load tests of inspiratory muscle endurance in COPD

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