High waist-to-hip ratio levels are associated with insulin resistance markers in normal-weight women

Benítes-Zapata, Vicente A.; Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos J.; Urrunaga-Pastor, Diego; Guarnizo-Poma, Mirella; Lázaro-Alcántara, Herbert; Paico-Palacios, Socorro; Pantoja-Torres, Betzi; Ranilla-Seguin, Vitalia Del Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.043

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…This serves as the key mechanism and a major global driver of the T2DM condition ( Roglic, 2016 ; Czech, 2017 ). The accumulation of body fat and abdominal body fat are risk factors for increased insulin resistance ( Kohrt et al, 1993 ; Gobato et al, 2014 ), and high BMI and WHR were found to be positively correlated with insulin resistance in observational epidemiological studies ( Gobato et al, 2014 ; Benites-Zapata et al, 2019 ; Lin et al, 2019 ). Wang et al reported that higher BMI was causally correlated with increased Stumvoll first- and second-phase insulin secretion and HOMA-IR, whereas no causal relationship between WHR and HOMA-IR was found in a conventional MR study in the Chinese Han population ( Wang et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many observational epidemiologic studies, including case–control and cohort studies, have demonstrated that higher WHR and BMI are two important risk factors for developing T2DM ( Vazquez et al, 2007 ; Lv et al, 2017 ). Moreover, cohort and cross-sectional studies ( Wang et al, 2018 ; Benites-Zapata et al, 2019 ) demonstrated that BMI and WHR were associated with glycemic traits, including fasting insulin, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and insulin resistance [measured by Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)]. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have found an association between increased risk of T2DM and higher genetic predisposition to both BMI and WHRadjBMI in European and East Asian populations ( Robiou-du-Pont et al, 2013 ; Zhu et al, 2014 ; Huang et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causal Effects of Overall and Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Jin

Guan

2020

Front. Genet.

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Overall and abdominal obesity were significantly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in observational studies, though these associations cannot avoid the bias induced by confounding effects and reverse causation. This study aimed to test whether these associations are causal, and it compared the causal effects of overall and abdominal obesity on T2DM risk and glycemic traits by using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Based on summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies, the instrumental variables for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and WHR adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) were extracted, and the horizontal pleiotropy was analyzed using MR–Egger regression and the MR–pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (PRESSO) method. Thereafter, by using the conventional MR method, the inverse-variance weighted method was applied to assess the causal effect of BMI, WHR, and WHRadjBMI on T2DM risk, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). A series of sensitivity analyses, including the multivariable MR (diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as covariates), MR–Egger regression, weighted median, MR–PRESSO, and leave-one-out method, were conducted to test the robustness of the results from the conventional MR. Despite the existence of horizontal pleiotropy, consistent results were found in the conventional MR results and sensitivity analyses, except for the association between BMI and fasting glucose, and WHRadjBMI and fasting glucose. Each one standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an increased T2DM risk [odds ratio (OR): 2.741; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.421–3.104], higher HbA1c [1.054; 1.04–1.068], fasting insulin [1.202; 1.173–1.231], and HOMA-IR [1.221; 1.187–1.255], similar to findings for causal effect of WHRadjBMI on T2DM risk [1.993; 1.704–2.33], HbA1c [1.061; 1.042–1.08], fasting insulin [1.102; 1.068–1.136], and HOMA-IR [1.127; 1.088–1.167]. Both BMI ( P = 0.546) and WHRadjBMI ( P = 0.443) were unassociated with fasting glucose in the multivariable MR analysis. In conclusion, overall and abdominal obesity have causal effects on T2DM risk and insulin resistance but no causal effect on fasting glucose. Individuals can substantially reduce their insulin resistance and T2DM risk through reduction of body fat mass and modification of body fat distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Effects of Overall and Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Jin

Guan

2020

Front. Genet.

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“…The HOMA-IR is a mathematical method that measures insulin resistance using fasting serum insulin and fasting plasma glucose values ( 18 ). It is an important predictor of MetS, and its measurement is mandatory since insulin resistance has become a key component of MetS ( 19 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone levels are associated with metabolic components: a cross-sectional study

Punda¹,

Škrabić²,

Torlak³

et al. 2020

Croat Med J

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Aim To analyze the association of thyroid function and hormone levels with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Methods This cross-sectional population-based study involved 2183 Croatian individuals with no history of thyroid disease, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. MetS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results We found no association between thyroid function groups and the prevalence of MetS and its components. Clinically hypothyroid participants showed significantly higher triceps skinfold measurements than subclinically hypothyroid and euthyroid participants. Furthermore, clinically hypothyroid participants had higher abdominal skinfold thickness than subclinically hypothyroid participants. Otherwise, suprailiac and abdominal skinfold measurements were higher in the subclinically and clinically hyperthyroid group of participants compared with euthyroid and subclinically hypothyroid participants. A strong positive association of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and strong negative association of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels with HOMA-IR and cholesterol levels were found. Furthermore, the fT4 level also showed a strong negative association with HDL and triceps skinfold thickness. Conclusions This study supports the standing that TSH, fT3, and fT4 levels are important variables to determine the association of thyroid function with MetS.

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“…23 WHR is a marker of insulin resistance. 24 Visceral adipocytes have elevated lipolytic activity; this results in increased free fatty acid release in the portal vein with an accumulation in the liver and muscles, contributing to insulin resistance. 25 In this study, the weight loss group showed significant improvements in insulin resistance according to HOMA as compared with the weight gain group.…”

Section: Association Between Pwv Aorta and Metabolic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 6 Months of Dapagliflozin Treatment on Metabolic Profile and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction for Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Hong

Park

Kim

et al. 2020

Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome

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Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease, but the effect of these inhibitors on early cardiovascular disease remains unknown. This study evaluated the effect of dapagliflozin on the metabolic profiles and endothelial cell function in obese patients with T2DM without established cardiovascular disease. Methods: We enrolled 140 patients with a mean age, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of 47 years, 83 kg, and 30.3 kg/m 2 , respectively. Dapagliflozin (10 mg daily for 6 months) was administered to obese patients with T2DM without established cardiovascular disease. Participants' weight, BMI, body fat mass (BFM), muscle mass, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, waist to hip ratio (WHR), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured at baseline and after 6 months. Results: Participants experienced statistically significant reductions in their HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, body weight, BMI, WHR, BFM, and aortic PWV, without a significant change in their muscle mass, extracellular fluid, or intracellular volume. Statistically significant reductions in aortic PWV were associated with a decrease in BFM, visceral fat, WHR, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin may be beneficial in preventing early cardiovascular disease in obese patients with T2DM without established cardiovascular disease.

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High waist-to-hip ratio levels are associated with insulin resistance markers in normal-weight women

Cited by 32 publications

References 64 publications

Causal Effects of Overall and Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Causal Effects of Overall and Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Thyroid hormone levels are associated with metabolic components: a cross-sectional study

Effects of 6 Months of Dapagliflozin Treatment on Metabolic Profile and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction for Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

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