Higher-Level Systematics of Acanthaceae Determined by Chloroplast DNA Sequences

Scotland, Robert W.; Sweere, Jennifer A.; Reeves, Patrick A.; Olmstead, Richard G.

doi:10.2307/2445533

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…The underlying structure of this topology was based on the major family classification for angiosperms (Soltis et al 1999). Phylogenetic studies at the order and family level were used to construct lower-level topology (Brember & Jansen 1991, Scotland et al 1995, Smith et al 1997, Morton etal. 1998, Andersson & Rova 1999, McDade & Moody 1999, Spangler & Olmstead 1999, Andersson & Chase 2001, Kajita et al 2001.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower Color, Hummingbird Pollination, and Habitat Irradiance in Four Neotropical Forests1

Altshuler

2003

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Pollinator visual systems differ considerably among broad groupings such as bees, bats, and birds, and it has been proposed that factors shaping the diversity of flower color in tropical plants include differences in pollinator perceptual abilities. Within the pollinators of the Neotropics, one major difference between taxa is that hummingbirds perceive color well across abroad range of wavelengths from 300-660 nm whereas most bees perceive color well over a narrower range spanning 300-550 nm. Thus, hummingbirds can see red and other long-wavelength reflection much better than bees. Another factor that could potentially influence flower color in tropical forests is the difference in light availability among habitats such as gaps, canopy, and forest understory. I conducted a survey of floral color in four Neotropical forests using a portable spectroradiometer to provide an unbiased measure of color reflectance. The primary pollinator agents and light habitats of each plant species were classified using primary literature or accounts of direct observations by experts. Flower color was not influenced by differences in light availability between open and closed habitats but was influenced by pollinator visual systems. Specifically, insect flowers reflected across a broad range of the spectrum but hummingbird flowers reflected mostly long-wavelength light (typically median wavelength >585 nm). Thus, hummingbird-pollinated flowers are not tuned specifically to hummingbird color sensitivity but instead may decrease conspicuousness to bees and other insects that have poor visual sensitivity to long-wavelength color. RESUMENExisten considerables diferencias entre el sistema visual de los diferentes grupos de polinizadores, como las abejas, murcielagos, y aves. La diferencia en la habilidad perceptiva del polinizador ha sido propuesta como uno de los factores determinantes de la diversidad en la coloracion de las flores en plantas tropicales. El rango de longitud de onda percibido por los polinizadores es una de las mayores diferencias entre los taxones: los colibries perciben el color entre un rango de 300 y 660 nm, mientras que las abejas lo hacen en un rango que varia entre 300-550 nm. Por consiguiente los colibries perciben el rojo y otras longitudes de onda mayores mucho mejor que las abejas. Otro factor potencial que podria estar influyendo en el color de las flores en los bosques tropicales es la diferencia en la disponibilidad de luz entre habitats como claros de bosque, dosel, y sotobosque. Lleve a cabo un estudio sobre la coloracion floral en cuatro bosques neotropicales. La reflectancia del color fue medida utilizando un espectro-radiometro portatil, obteniendo asi mediciones de alta precision. Los agentes polinizadores primarios y los ambientes de luz para cada especie de planta fueron clasificados usando referencias literarias y expertos locales. El color de las flores no vario entre los habitats abiertos y los cerrados. Sin embargo se encontraron variaciones relacionadas con el sistema visual de los ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower Color, Hummingbird Pollination, and Habitat Irradiance in Four Neotropical Forests1

Altshuler

2003

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“…Initial applications of ndhF sequences to systematic studies centered on relationships within families, making use of its greater length and higher average substitution rate to generate ca. three times as many parsimonyinformative characters Scotland et al, 1995;Clark et al, 1995;Kim and Jansen, 1995;Olmstead and Reeves, 1995;Scotland et al, 1995;Neyland and Urbatsch, 1996;Catalan et al, 1997;Terry et al, 1997a,b). As more sequences from different families became available, it became apparent that ndhF sequences would have application to phylogenetic questions at much greater phylogenetic depth than just within families .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phylogeny of the Asteridae sensu lato Based on Chloroplast ndhF Gene Sequences

Olmstead

Kim

Jansen

et al. 2000

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

150

113

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“…ndhF encodes a subunit of the nicotinamide dehydrogenase complex and shows approximately twice the average mutation rate of rbcL (Sugiura, 1989;Olmstead and Sweere, 1994). It has been used successfully to infer phylogenetic relationships within and among angiosperm families (Olmstead et al, 1992;Olmstead and Sweere, 1994;Clark, Zhang, and Wendel, 1995;Kim and Jansen, 1995;Urbatsch, 1995, 1996;Olmstead and Reeves, 1995;Scotland et al, 1995;Wagstaff et al, 1998;Alverson et al, 1999;Ferguson, 1999). The noncoding trnL-F region displays a high frequency of mutations, but has also been used in assessing phylogenetic relationships within traditional angiosperm families (Palmer et al, 1988;Clegg, Learn, and Golenberg, 1991;Soltis and Soltis, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: evidence from chloroplast ndhF and trnl‐F nucleotide sequences

Davis

Anderson

Donoghue

2001

American J of Botany

126

125

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The Malpighiaceae are a family of ∼1250 species of predominantly New World tropical flowering plants. Infrafamilial classification has long been based on fruit characters. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast DNA nucleotide sequences were analyzed to help resolve the phylogeny of Malpighiaceae. A total of 79 species, representing 58 of the 65 currently recognized genera, were studied. The 3′ region of the gene ndhF was sequenced for 77 species and the noncoding intergenic spacer region trnL‐F was sequenced for 65 species; both sequences were obtained for the outgroup, Humiria (Humiriaceae). Phylogenetic relationships inferred from these data sets are largely congruent with one another and with results from combined analyses. The family is divided into two major clades, recognized here as the subfamilies Byrsonimoideae (New World only) and Malpighioideae (New World and Old World). Niedenzu's tribes are all polyphyletic, suggesting extensive convergence on similar fruit types; only de Jussieu's tribe Gaudichaudieae and Anderson's tribes Acmanthereae and Galphimieae are monophyletic. Fleshy fruits evolved three times in the family and bristly fruits at least three times. Among the wing‐fruited vines, which constitute more than half the diversity in the family, genera with dorsal‐winged samaras are fairly well resolved, while the resolution of taxa with lateral‐winged samaras is poor. The trees suggest a shift from radially symmetrical pollen arrangement to globally symmetrical pollen at the base of one of the clades within the Malpighioideae. The Old World taxa fall into at least six and as many as nine clades.

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Higher-Level Systematics of Acanthaceae Determined by Chloroplast DNA Sequences

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Flower Color, Hummingbird Pollination, and Habitat Irradiance in Four Neotropical Forests1

Flower Color, Hummingbird Pollination, and Habitat Irradiance in Four Neotropical Forests1

The Phylogeny of the Asteridae sensu lato Based on Chloroplast ndhF Gene Sequences

Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: evidence from chloroplast ndhF and trnl‐F nucleotide sequences

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