“…HOTS includes logic, reasoning, analysis, evaluation, creation, problem-solving, and judgment (Brookhart, 2010). In addition, it requires thinking skills that are not merely recalling, restating, or referring (Widana, 2017). Students are expected to possess these skills in the 21st century, and improving HOTS can be accomplished by educators through creating appropriate assessment instruments (Hanifah, 2019).…”