Higher risk for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) in HLA‐G mismatched transplants following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective study

Abstract

Introduction Graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) and is highly influenced by the degree of HLA matching between recipient and donor. The HLA‐class Ib molecule HLA‐G has been shown to promote tolerogenicity through its interaction with inhibitory receptors found on several immunocompetent cells. We hypothesized that in an allo‐HSCT setting, HLA‐G mismatches may negatively impact the HLA‐G‐mediated tolerogenicity either due to inefficient interaction with the inhibitory receptors of the transplanted immune cells or due to direct allorecognition of mismatched HLA‐G on host cells by the immune cells of the donor. Methods In order to explore this hypothesis, we investigated the impact of HLA‐G mismatching in 2.083 10/10 matched high resolution HLA‐typed allo‐HSCT transplants. Results We found that the risk of chronic GvHD was significantly higher in HLA‐G‐mismatched transplant cases as compared with the HLA‐G‐matched control group (HR: 1.46, 95%CI = 1.11–1.91, p = 0.006). Sub‐analysis of the mismatch vector revealed that this effect was only detectable in the GvH (HR: 1.89, 95%CI 1.39–2.57, p < 0.001) but not the HvG direction (HR: 1.01, 95%CI = 0.63–1.63, p = 0.967). In addition, the negative impact of HLA‐G mismatching on chronic GvHD was only significant in younger patients (<30y HR: 3.02, 95%CI = 1.25–7.28, p = 0.014; >29y HR: 1.28, 95%CI = 0.94–1.72, p = 0.113). Discussion Our results indicate that HLA‐G mismatches may contribute to the onset of chronic GvHD, especially in younger patients and should therefore be avoided when possible.

Human Leucocyte Antigen System and Selection of Unrelated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors: Impact of Patient–Donor (Mis)matching and New Challenges with the Current Technologies

“…The so-called “non-classical” HLA loci (i.e., HLA-G and -E) might also have a clinical impact [ 21 , 22 ], although this is beyond the scope of the present article.…”

Accurate multi-population imputation of MICA, MICB, HLA-E, HLA-F and HLA-G alleles from genome SNP data

“…Expression levels and polymorphisms in MICA, MICB, HLA-E and HLA-G have been associated with autoimmune diseases (3–14), infections (15–23) and susceptibility to cancer (24–33). There is also growing evidence that MICA, MICB and HLA-G function as transplantation antigens and that their polymorphism and matching may be associated with outcomes of transplantation (34–37). Moreover, genetic association studies focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MHC region have identified polymorphisms in the class I region outside of the classical HLA genes that are associated for example with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes and risk for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (38–40), as well as autoimmune diseases (41–43).…”

“…There is also growing evidence that MICA, MICB and HLA-G function as transplantation antigens and that their polymorphism and matching may be associated with outcomes of transplantation (34)(35)(36)(37).…”