Higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in old patients with cachexia

Franz, K.; Ost, Mario; Otten, L.; Coleman, Verena; Endres, Anne–Sophie; Schimrigk, К.; Müller‐Werdan, Ursula; Norman, Kristina

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.004

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Increased FGF‐21 levels have recently been reported in geriatric patients with cachexia, as compared with geriatric patients without cachexia. FGF‐21 was correlated with weight loss and anorexia, although the impact of sarcopenia was not assessed . Further, increased FGF‐21 levels are also reported in patients with renal cancer, as compared with healthy controls, and in end‐stage kidney disease, where high FGF‐21 is associated with impaired outcome .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with cardiac cachexia: a possible role of chronic inflammation

et al. 2019

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AimsCardiac cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation and high mortality. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) are associated with cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. We investigated FGF‐21 and MCP‐1 in relations to cardiac function, inflammation, and wasting in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and cardiac cachexia.Methods and resultsPlasma FGF‐21 and MCP‐1 were measured in a cross‐sectional study among the three study groups: 19 patients with HFrEF with cardiac cachexia, 19 patients with HFrEF without cachexia, and 19 patients with ischaemic heart disease and preserved ejection fraction. Patients with HFrEF and cardiac cachexia displayed higher FGF‐21 levels median (inter quantile range) 381 (232–577) pg/mL than patients with HFrEF without cachexia 224 (179–309) pg/mL and ischaemic heart disease patients 221 (156–308) pg/mL (P = 0.0496). No difference in MCP‐1 levels were found among the groups (P = 0.345). In a multivariable regression analysis, FGF‐21 (logarithm 2) was independently associated with interleukin 6 (logarithm 2) (P = 0.015) and lower muscle mass (P = 0.043), while no relation with N‐terminal pro‐hormone brain natriuretic peptide was observed.ConclusionsFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) levels were elevated in patients with HFrEF and cardiac cachexia, which could be mediated by increased inflammation and muscle wasting rather than impaired cardiac function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with cardiac cachexia: a possible role of chronic inflammation

et al. 2019

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“…Age-related changes in postprandial glucose and insulin have been well established [107,124], but more recently, age-specific changes in the postprandial dynamics of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have also been shown, resulting in considerably higher values in older compared to younger adults [125]. FGF21 is an important metabolic parameter which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, but higher levels in older adults are paradoxically associated with higher mortality [126] and have been implicated in the loss of muscle [127,128] and bone mass [129] as well as in the cachexia anorexia syndrome in old hospitalized patients [130]. Altered postprandial regulation of FGF21 might contribute to explain the higher values.…”

Section: Age-associated Changes As Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

2021

Self Cite

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Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also with physical decline, which has wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living and quality of life in general. Malnutrition is common and may also contribute to the development of the geriatric syndromes in older adults. Malnutrition in the old is reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, but hidden deficiencies such as micronutrient deficiencies are more difficult to assess and therefore frequently overlooked in the community-dwelling old. In developed countries, the most cited cause of malnutrition is disease, as both acute and chronic disorders have the potential to result in or aggravate malnutrition. Therefore, as higher age is one risk factor for developing disease, older adults have the highest risk of being at nutritional risk or becoming malnourished. However, the aetiology of malnutrition is complex and multifactorial, and the development of malnutrition in the old is most likely also facilitated by ageing processes. This comprehensive narrative review summarizes current evidence on the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in old adults spanning from age-related changes to disease-associated risk factors, and outlines remaining challenges in the understanding, identification as well as treatment of malnutrition, which in some cases may include targeted supplementation of macro- and/or micronutrients, when diet alone is not sufficient to meet age-specific requirements.

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“…Conversely, FGF21 and GDF15 have been proposed as markers of mitochondrial myopathies [121,122] and aging [45,107,123], with levels associated with worsening health parameters and reduced life expectancy in older people [107]. Moreover, higher FGF21 and GDF15 circulating levels are associated with age-related diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration [111,113], as well as cancer cachexia [124,125]. The inhibition of GDF15 activity, by targeting its receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) in brainstem neurons of tumor-bearing mice, identified a novel strategy for cancer cachexia treatment.…”

Section: The Myomitokines Fgf21 and Gdf15: The Fine Line Between Health And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Mitochondrial Morphology and Myomitokines in Aging Sarcopenia

Romanello

2020

IJMS

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Sarcopenia is a chronic disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, force, and function during aging. It is an emerging public problem associated with poor quality of life, disability, frailty, and high mortality. A decline in mitochondria quality control pathways constitutes a major mechanism driving aging sarcopenia, causing abnormal organelle accumulation over a lifetime. The resulting mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenic muscles feedbacks systemically by releasing the myomitokines fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), influencing the whole-body homeostasis and dictating healthy or unhealthy aging. This review describes the principal pathways controlling mitochondrial quality, many of which are potential therapeutic targets against muscle aging, and the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and the myomitokines FGF21 and GDF15 in the pathogenesis of aging sarcopenia.

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Higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in old patients with cachexia

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with cardiac cachexia: a possible role of chronic inflammation

Fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with cardiac cachexia: a possible role of chronic inflammation

Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

The Interplay between Mitochondrial Morphology and Myomitokines in Aging Sarcopenia

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