Highly active iron phosphide catalysts for selective electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia

Chouki, Takwa; Machreki, Manel; Rutkowska, Iwona A.; Rytelewska, Beata; Kulesza, Paweł J.; Tyuliev, G.; Harb, Moussab; Azofra, Luis Miguel; Emin, Saim

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.109275

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Figure 3 The efficiency and selectivity of the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia have been improved using several common catalysts. Because of their high activity and stability, noble metals like platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) are commonly used to facilitate efficient nitrate reduction and ammonia synthesis [59]. Several metal oxides, including copper oxide (CuO), silver oxide (Ag 2 O), and bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), show promise as catalysts for converting nitrate to ammonia because they can be designed to have desirable surface properties [60].…”

Section: Common Catalysts Used In the Electrochemical Reduction Of Ni...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

Quoie,

Bavumiragira,

Kromah

2024

MRC

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Nitrate pollution is of great importance in both the environmental and health contexts, necessitating the development of efficient mitigation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the many catalysts employed in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia, and presents a viable environmentally friendly approach to address the issue of nitrate pollution. Hence, the electrochemical transformation of nitrate to ammonia serves the dual purpose of addressing nitrate pollution in water bodies, and is a useful agricultural resource. This review examines a range of catalyst materials such as noble and non-noble metals, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, nitrogen-doped carbon species, metal complexes, and semiconductor photocatalysts. It evaluates catalytic efficiency, selectivity, stability, and overall process optimization. The performance of catalysts is influenced by various factors, including reaction conditions, catalyst structure, loading techniques, and electrode interfaces. Comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, current density, stability, and durability of the catalysts. This assessment offers significant perspectives on the structural, compositional, and electrochemical characteristics that affect the efficacy of these catalysts, thus informing future investigations and advancements in this domain. In addition to mitigating nitrate pollution, the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia is in line with sustainable agricultural methods, resource conservation, and the utilization of renewable energy resources. This study explores the factors that affect the catalytic efficiency, provides new opportunities to address nitrate pollution, and promotes the development of sustainable environmental solutions.

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Section: Common Catalysts Used In the Electrochemical Reduction Of Ni...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

Quoie,

Bavumiragira,

Kromah

2024

MRC

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“…Nickel phosphides [ 210–212 ] and iron phosphides [ 213 ] were also demonstrated to be effective for e‐NO 3 RR (Table 3). Chouki et al.…”

Section: Catalysts For E‐no3rrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chouki et al. found that both FeP and Fe 2 P thin films could effectively and stably catalyze the reduction of nitrate to ammonia [ 213 ] and Fe 2 P exhibited a higher ammonia yield of 2.10 mg h −1 cm −2 with an FE of 96% than FeP at −0.55 V versus RHE, which should be contributed by the easier protonation of *NO and faster desorption of *NH 3 . Yao and co‐workers reported that the self‐supporting Ni 2 P with the (111) facets on nickel foam exhibited an ammonia FE of 99.23% because the (111) facets could facilitate the adsorption of NO 3 − and formation of adsorbed hydrogen, [ 210 ] resulting in the improved ammonia production via the adsorbed hydrogen mechanism.…”

Section: Catalysts For E‐no3rrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

Liu

Qiao

Peng

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Ammonia as an irreplaceable chemical has been widely demanded to keep the sustainable development of the modern society. However, its industrial production consumes huge energy and releases extraordinary green‐house gases, leading to various environmental issues. To achieve the green production of ammonia is a great challenge that has been extensively pursued recently. In the review, a most promising strategy, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (e‐NO3RR) for the purpose is comprehensively investigated to give a full understanding of its development and mechanism and provide guidance for future directions. Particularly, the development of electrocatalysts is focused to realize the high ammonia yield rate and Faraday efficiency for industrial applications. The recent‐developed catalysts, including noble metallic materials, alloys, metal compounds, single‐metal‐atom catalysts, and metal‐free materials, are systematically discussed to review the effects of various factors on the catalytic performance in e‐NO3RR. Accordingly, the strategies, including defects engineering, coordination environment modulating, surface controlling, and hybridization, are carefully discussed to improve the catalytic performance, such as the intrinsic activity and selectivity. Finally, perspectives and challenges are given out. This review shall provide insightful guidance on the development of advanced catalytic systems for the production of green ammonia efficiently in the industry.

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“…Recent studies have explored the potential of iron phosphides, particularly Fe 2 P, which exhibits modified surface electronic structures compared to pure iron, for the electrosynthesis of ammonia from nitrite [22,23]. Fe 2 P offers a departure from pure iron with its modified surface electronic structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Modification of Iron: Mechanistic Insights into Ammonia Synthesis on Fe2P Catalyst

Almithn

2024

Molecules

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Ammonia (NH3) is a critical chemical for fertilizer production and a potential future energy carrier within a sustainable hydrogen economy. The industrial Haber–Bosch process, though effective, operates under harsh conditions due to the high thermodynamic stability of the nitrogen molecule (N2). This motivates the search for alternative catalysts that facilitate ammonia synthesis at milder temperatures and pressures. Theoretical and experimental studies suggest that circumventing the trade-off between N–N activation and subsequent NHx hydrogenation, governed by the Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) relationship, is key to achieving this goal. Recent studies indicate metal phosphides as promising catalyst materials. In this work, a comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) study comparing the mechanisms and potential reaction pathways for ammonia synthesis on Fe(110) and Fe2P(001) is presented. The results reveal substantial differences in the adsorption strengths of NHx intermediates, with Fe2P(001) exhibiting weaker binding compared to Fe(110). For N–N bond cleavage, multiple competing pathways become viable on Fe2P(001), including routes involving the pre-hydrogenation of adsorbed N2 (e.g., through *NNH*). Analysis of DFT-derived turnover rates as a function of hydrogen pressure (H2) highlights the increased importance of these hydrogenated intermediates on Fe2P(001) compared to Fe(110) where direct N2 dissociation dominates. These findings suggest that phosphorus incorporation modifies the ammonia synthesis mechanism, offering alternative pathways that may circumvent the limitations of traditional transition metal catalysts. This work provides theoretical insights for the rational design of Fe-based catalysts and motivates further exploration of phosphide-based materials for sustainable ammonia production.

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Highly active iron phosphide catalysts for selective electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Advancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

Advancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

Phosphorus Modification of Iron: Mechanistic Insights into Ammonia Synthesis on Fe2P Catalyst

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