Highly adhesive carbon quantum dots from biogenic amines for prevention of biofilm formation

Jian, Hong-Jyuan; Yu, Jiantao; Li, Yujia; Unnikrishnan, Binesh; Huang, Yu‐Fen; Luo, Lan; Hui‐Kang, David; Harroun, Scott G.; Chang, Huan‐Tsung; Lin, Han‐Jia; Lai, Jui‐Yang; Huang, Chih‐Ching

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.123913

Cited by 83 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The extracellular matrix acts as a physical barrier that limits the accessibility of antimicrobial molecules and evades the immune response [ 12 ]. Consequently, drug release will be altered and the pathogenic microbes have an increased persistence in a hostile environment and enhanced tolerance to the adverse conditions [ 12 , 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, some antimicrobials are unable to exert their action due to the reduced metabolism within the biofilm [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Drug Delivery Approaches to Treat Microbial Infections in the Vagina: A Recent Update

et al. 2020

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An optimal host–microbiota interaction in the human vagina governs the reproductive health status of a woman. The marked depletion in the beneficial Lactobacillus sp. increases the risk of infection with sexually transmitted pathogens, resulting in gynaecological issues. Vaginal infections that are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially among women of reproductive age, require an effective concentration of antimicrobial drugs at the infectious sites for complete disease eradication. Thus, topical treatment is recommended as it allows direct therapeutic action, reduced drug doses and side effects, and self-insertion. However, the alterations in the physiological conditions of the vagina affect the effectiveness of vaginal drug delivery considerably. Conventional vaginal dosage forms are often linked to low retention time in the vagina and discomfort which significantly reduces patient compliance. The lack of optimal prevention and treatment approaches have contributed to the unacceptably high rate of recurrence for vaginal diseases. To combat these limitations, several novel approaches including nano-systems, mucoadhesive polymeric systems, and stimuli-responsive systems have been developed in recent years. This review discusses and summarises the recent research progress of these novel approaches for vaginal drug delivery against various vaginal diseases. An overview of the concept and challenges of vaginal infections, anatomy and physiology of the vagina, and barriers to vaginal drug delivery are also addressed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Drug Delivery Approaches to Treat Microbial Infections in the Vagina: A Recent Update

et al. 2020

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“…Compared with the reported representative antibacterial carbon nanomaterials (Supplementary Table 6) 6,24,30,33,42,[52][53][54][55] , the mechanism of antibacterial action of the as-synthesized CQDs in this work provided a new way of thinking for studying the antibacterial mechanism of CQDs with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. This study provides a feasible basis for the research and development of new antibiotics and the application of CQDs in the eld of antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), especially hetero-element doped CQDs with particle size of less than 10 nm, stand out in the eld of antibacterial research due to their advantageous properties including nontoxic nature, photostability, versatility in surface functionality for desired microbial adhesion and interactions, and their production from abundant and inexpensive precursors for extremely broad and low to ultralow cost applications [11][12][13][14][15][16] . At present, the mechanism of action of CQDs against bacteria mainly focuses on the three aspects of directly producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (•O 2 − ) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) 17,18 , producing ROS assisted by photoactivation or other compound 6,[19][20][21] and damaging the cell membrane caused by the insertion of surface controlled CQDs through electrostatic interaction and/or hydrophobic interaction [22][23][24] . However, the above mechanism cannot further explain the signaling pathway of antibacterial CQDs against bacteria at the molecular level and there has been a lack of in-depth understanding of the interaction between such CQDs and bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternized carbon quantum dots with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for treatment of wounds infected with mixed bacteria

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Quaternized carbon quantum dots (qCQDs) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity were synthesized by a simple green “one-pot” method using dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and glucose as reaction precursors. The qCQDs showed satisfactory antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In rat models of wounds infected with mixed bacteria, qCQDs obviously restored the weight of rats, significantly reduced the death of rats from severe infection, and promoted the recovery and healing of infected wounds. Biosafety tests confirmed that qCQDs had no obvious toxic and side effects during the testing stage. The analysis of quantitative proteomics revealed that qCQDs mainly acted on the ribosomal proteins of gram-positive bacteria and significantly down-regulated the metabolization-related proteins of gram-negative bacteria. Real-time quantitative PCR verified the expression levels of genes corresponding to the proteins with significant differences expressed by the two species of bacteria after treated with qCQDs. The variation trend of the detected genes was consistent with the results of proteomics, meaning that qCQDs played the antibacterial effect on bacteria with a new antibacterial mechanism.

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“…In vivo modelling involves the use of live animals. Rat [ 171 ] and rabbit [ 172 , 173 , 174 ] models have been reported, but mouse models currently dominate the literature [ 131 , 137 , 138 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 ]. Despite its smaller size, the murine cornea contains more corneal epithelial cell layers than the human cornea and the ratio of epithelial to stromal cells is larger [ 179 ].…”

Section: Modelling Biofilm Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has allowed researchers to begin to characterise the process of biofilm formation at the ocular surface ( Table 2 ). In vivo infection models have also played an integral role in other areas of bacterial keratitis research, including: biofilm formation on contact lenses in rabbit [ 172 ] and mice [ 175 ], host–pathogen interactions on ocular samples using proteomics [ 184 , 185 ], activation of immune signalling pathways [ 186 ], the role of virulence factors in keratitis [ 142 , 173 , 178 , 187 ] and drug testing of new ophthalmic antimicrobials [ 174 , 176 , 188 ]. Drug testing has included synthetic analogues of host antimicrobial peptides, with one study reporting reduced corneal bioburden and improved ocular scores following treatment with their lead peptide [ 188 ].…”

Section: Modelling Biofilm Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal Infection Models: Tools to Investigate the Role of Biofilms in Bacterial Keratitis

Urwin

Okurowska

Crowther

et al. 2020

Cells

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Bacterial keratitis is a corneal infection which may cause visual impairment or even loss of the infected eye. It remains a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causative agents and these bacterial species are known to colonise the corneal surface as biofilm populations. Biofilms are complex bacterial communities encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are notoriously difficult to eradicate once established. Biofilm bacteria exhibit different phenotypic characteristics from their planktonic counterparts, including an increased resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response. Therefore, understanding the role of biofilms will be essential in the development of new ophthalmic antimicrobials. A brief overview of biofilm-specific resistance mechanisms is provided, but this is a highly multifactorial and rapidly expanding field that warrants further research. Progression in this field is dependent on the development of suitable biofilm models that acknowledge the complexity of the ocular environment. Abiotic models of biofilm formation (where biofilms are studied on non-living surfaces) currently dominate the literature, but co-culture infection models are beginning to emerge. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo corneal infection models have now been reported which use a variety of different experimental techniques and animal models. In this review, we will discuss existing corneal infection models and their application in the study of biofilms and host-pathogen interactions at the corneal surface.

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Highly adhesive carbon quantum dots from biogenic amines for prevention of biofilm formation

Cited by 83 publications

References 79 publications

Promising Drug Delivery Approaches to Treat Microbial Infections in the Vagina: A Recent Update

Promising Drug Delivery Approaches to Treat Microbial Infections in the Vagina: A Recent Update

Quaternized carbon quantum dots with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for treatment of wounds infected with mixed bacteria

Corneal Infection Models: Tools to Investigate the Role of Biofilms in Bacterial Keratitis

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