Highly charged cellulose-based nanocrystals as flocculants for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris

Vandamme, Dries; Eyley, Samuel; Mooter, Guy Van den; Muylaert, Koenraad; Thielemans, Wim

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.039

Cited by 77 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[7][8][9] Beside this initial application, the potential of CNCs to be used as a building block in more complex systems has been recognised and they have since been investigated for applications ranging from optical materials, [10,11] to permselective membranes, [12] electrode modifiers for electrochemical sensors, [13] supercapacitors, [14][15][16] and algae flocculants with and without pH responsiveness. [17,18] While many of these applications can make use of "unmodified" cellulose nanocrystals, i.e. as extracted from native cellulose, further expansion of the applications of these excellent materials in advanced materials requires the introduction of additional functionalities through surface modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coumarin and carbazole fluorescently modified cellulose nanocrystals using a one‐step esterification procedure

2016

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This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals with carbazole and coumarin functionalities were synthesised in a one-step esterification reaction using carbazole-9-yl-acetic acid and coumarin-3-carboxylic acid respectively, using a p-toluenesulfonyl chloride/pyridine system. Characterization with elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared, absorption and emission spectroscopy, and AFM and TEM imaging confirmed that a high degree of modification could be achieved (up to DS surf = 1.33) while retaining the CNC core crystallinity and nanoparticle dimensions. The present grafting method gives a straightforward way when compared with previously reported fluorescent labelling methodologies and gives an extremely high grafting density while retaining the CNC crystallinity. UV spectroscopy also indicates fluorescence quenching at high grafting densities so that optimal fluorescence does not necessarily mean maximum grafting density. This

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coumarin and carbazole fluorescently modified cellulose nanocrystals using a one‐step esterification procedure

2016

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“…Resulting positively charged CNCs were relatively insensitive to the inhibition of flocculation by algal organic matter showing potential application for microalgae harvesting. Imidazolegrafted CNCs with a low DS of 0.06 were successfully synthesized by in situ esterification with 4-(1-bromomethyl)benzoic acid activated by TosCl (Eyley et al 2015). The resulting imidazole-grafted CNCs were shown to have a pH-responsive flocculation property due to switching of the surface charge, which can be adjusted using CO 2 .…”

Section: Esterified Cellulose Containing Charged Moietiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting cationic esters are capable of forming polyelectrolyte complexes as capsules for drug delivery. Cationic pyridinium groups were grafted onto CNCs via a one-pot simultaneous esterification using 4-(bromomethyl)benzoic acid or 4-(1-bromoethyl)benzoic acid and TosCl in pyridine ( Vandamme et al 2015). Resulting positively charged CNCs were relatively insensitive to the inhibition of flocculation by algal organic matter showing potential application for microalgae harvesting.…”

Section: Esterified Cellulose Containing Charged Moietiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

et al. 2018

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As the most abundant biopolymer in nature, cellulose has become a fascinating building block for the design of functional nanomaterials. Owing to the presence of numerous hydroxyl groups, cellulose provides a unique platform for the preparation of new materials via versatile chemical modifications. This critical review aims to present the advances about nanomaterials based on cellulose derivatives with the focus on cellulose esters within the last two decades, including the chemistry and application of these nanostructured materials. This review starts with the introduction on first fundamental aspects about diverse esterification techniques used up to now to modify cellulose. The in situ esterification for the isolation of nanocelluloses and diverse post esterification methods of nanocelluloses for the surface functionalization were highlighted in the following description. Various esterification strategies and further nanostructure constructions have been developed aiming to confer specific properties to cellulose esters, extending therefore their feasibility for highly sophisticated applications, which were summarized with respect to the categories of the introduced ester moieties. Thus, this review assembles and emphasizes the state-of-art knowledge of functional nanomaterials derived from diverse esterified cellulose compounds.

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“…A higher degree of substitution was surprisingly observed for α-methylbenzyl pyridinium CNCs which the authors attributed possibly to the difference in relative solubilities of the two pyridinium salts in the reaction medium. The solubility issues of the pyridinium salts were later addressed in another work by performing the one-pot cationization reaction at higher dilution [64]. The resulting highly charged cationic CNCs were found to be excellent flocculants for freshwater microalgae harvesting.…”

Section: Cationic Imidazolium and Pyridinium Grafted Cncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Strategies for the Fabrication of Cationic Surface-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals

Sunasee

Hemraz

2018

Fibers

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are renewable nanosized materials with exceptional physicochemical properties that continue to garner a high level of attention in both industry and academia for their potential high-end material applications. These rod-shaped CNCs are appealing due to their non-toxic, carbohydrate-based chemical structure, large surface area, and the presence of ample surface hydroxyl groups for chemical surface modifications. CNCs, generally prepared from sulfuric acid-mediated hydrolysis of native cellulose, display an anionic surface that has been exploited for a number of applications. However, several recent studies showed the importance of CNCs' surface charge reversal towards the design of functional cationic CNCs. Cationization of CNCs could further open up other innovative applications, in particular, bioapplications such as gene and drug delivery, vaccine adjuvants, and tissue engineering. This mini-review focuses mainly on the recent covalent synthetic methods for the design and fabrication of cationic CNCs as well as their potential bioapplications.

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Highly charged cellulose-based nanocrystals as flocculants for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris

Cited by 77 publications

References 35 publications

Coumarin and carbazole fluorescently modified cellulose nanocrystals using a one‐step esterification procedure

Coumarin and carbazole fluorescently modified cellulose nanocrystals using a one‐step esterification procedure

Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

Synthetic Strategies for the Fabrication of Cationic Surface-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals

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