Highly depth-resolved characterization of fusion-related tungsten material based on picosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

De-you, Zhao; Wu, Ding; Oelmann, J.; Brezinsek, S.; Xiao, Qingbo; Yi, Rongxing; Cai, Laizhong; Ding, Hongbin

doi:10.1039/d0ja00340a

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Many studies focus on using LIBS to monitor material deposition or H isotope penetration into PFCs. [332][333][334][335][336] Mittelmann et al 332 used fs-LIBS along with calibration-free approaches to quantify D in W materials. Zhao et al 334 investigated ps-LIBS, finding that the lowest energy ablation regime resulted in the optimal W signal and a minimal ablation rate, providing very high-resolution depth profiling capabilities.…”

Section: Fusion Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[332][333][334][335][336] Mittelmann et al 332 used fs-LIBS along with calibration-free approaches to quantify D in W materials. Zhao et al 334 investigated ps-LIBS, finding that the lowest energy ablation regime resulted in the optimal W signal and a minimal ablation rate, providing very high-resolution depth profiling capabilities. Hai et al 337 investigated the LIBS spectral response to sample temperature and found the signal to be enhanced at high temperatures, which would be advantageous for in situ monitoring of PFCs during operation.…”

Section: Fusion Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Kwapis,

Borrero,

Latty

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

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The development of measurement methodologies to detect and monitor nuclear-relevant materials remains a consistent and significant interest across the nuclear energy, nonproliferation, safeguards, and forensics communities. Optical spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas is becoming an increasingly popular diagnostic technique to measure radiological and nuclear materials in the field without sample preparation, where current capabilities encompass the standoff, isotopically resolved and phase-identifiable (e.g., UO and UO[Formula: see text]) detection of elements across the periodic table. These methods rely on the process of laser ablation (LA), where a high-powered pulsed laser is used to excite a sample (solid, liquid, or gas) into a luminous microplasma that rapidly undergoes de-excitation through the emission of electromagnetic radiation, which serves as a spectroscopic fingerprint for that sample. This review focuses on LA plasmas and spectroscopy for nuclear applications, covering topics from the wide-area environmental sampling and atmospheric sensing of radionuclides to recent implementations of multivariate machine learning methods that work to enable the real-time analysis of spectrochemical measurements with an emphasis on fundamental research and development activities over the past two decades. Background on the physical breakdown mechanisms and interactions of matter with nanosecond and ultrafast laser pulses that lead to the generation of laser-produced microplasmas is provided, followed by a description of the transient spatiotemporal plasma conditions that control the behavior of spectroscopic signatures recorded by analytical methods in atomic and molecular spectroscopy. High-temperature chemical and thermodynamic processes governing reactive LA plasmas are also examined alongside investigations into the condensation pathways of the plasma, which are believed to serve as chemical surrogates for fallout particles formed in nuclear fireballs. Laser-supported absorption waves and laser-induced shockwaves that accompany LA plasmas are also discussed, which could provide insights into atmospheric ionization phenomena from strong shocks following nuclear detonations. Furthermore, the standoff detection of trace radioactive aerosols and fission gases is reviewed in the context of monitoring atmospheric radiation plumes and off-gas streams of molten salt reactors. Finally, concluding remarks will present future outlooks on the role of LA plasma spectroscopy in the nuclear community.

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Section: Fusion Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fusion Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Kwapis,

Borrero,

Latty

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

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“…163 Tungsten-based material properties were the focus of multiple publications. Picosecond LIBS was investigated by Zhao et al for high depth resolution diagnosis of W. 164 Three ablation regimes in laser uence were identied based on average ablation rate changes and surface morphology variations, with SEM used to investigate crater morphologies and microstructures from the three regimes. One regime was identied as superior based on the limited average ablation rate of <40 nm per pulse, the small thermal effect and therefore a potentially high depth resolution capacity.…”

Section: Nuclear Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

Carter

Clough

Fisher

et al. 2021

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Ablation rate/ laser fluence 16 nm/pulse, 1.7 J/cm 2 (35 ps, 355 nm) (Wcolumnar coating) 40 nm/pulse, 5.3 J/cm 2 (35 ps, 355 nm) (W) [56] 200 nm/pulse, 12 J/cm 2 (35 ps, 355 nm) (W) [56] 500 nm/pulse, 20 J/cm 2 (35 ps, 355 nm) (W) [56] 170 nm/pulse 5.5 J/cm 2 (150 ps,1064 nm) (Mo-W-Al) [44] Operational press. range H isotope distinguishability* Good line separation 2×10 -7 mbar and <5 J/cm 2 (35 ps laser, 335 nm) 3 mbar Ar at 5.5 J/cm 2 (150 ps, 1064 nm) [ From the table and the described experimental work carried out the following conclusions can be made: 1.…”

Section: Ps-libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of tritium and impurities in the first wall of fusion devices using a LIBS based diagnostic

Meiden¹,

Almaviva²,

Butikova³

et al. 2021

Nucl. Fusion

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is one of the most promising methods for quantitative in-situ determination of fuel retention in plasma-facing components (PFCs) of magnetically confined fusion devices like ITER and JET. In this article, the current state of understanding in LIBS development for fusion applications will be presented, based on a complete review of existing results and complemented with newly obtained data. The work has been performed as part of a research programme, set up in the EUROfusion Consortium, to address the main requirements for ITER: (a) quantification of fuel from relevant surfaces with high sensitivity, (b) the technical demonstration to perform LIBS with a remote handling system and (c) accurate detection of fuel at ambient pressures relevant for ITER. For the first goal, the elemental composition of ITER-like deposits and proxies to them, including deuterium (D) or helium (He) containing W–Be, W, W–Al and Be–O–C coatings, was successfully determined with a typical depth resolution ranging from 50 up to 250 nm per laser pulse. Deuterium was used as a substitute for tritium (T) and in the LIBS experiments deuterium surface densities below 1016 D/cm2 could be measured with an accuracy of ∼30%, confirming the required high sensitivity for fuel-retention investigations. The performance of different LIBS configurations was explored, comprising LIBS systems based on single pulse (pulse durations: ps–ns) and double pulse lasers with different pulse durations. For the second goal, a remote handling application was demonstrated inside the Frascati-Tokamak-Upgrade (FTU), where a compact, remotely controlled LIBS system was mounted on a multipurpose deployer providing an in-vessel retention monitor system. During a shutdown phase, LIBS was performed at atmospheric pressure, for measuring the composition and fuel content of different area of the stainless-steel FTU first wall, and the titanium zirconium molybdenum alloy tiles of the toroidal limiter. These achievements underline the capability of a LIBS-based retention monitor, which complies with the requirements for JET and ITER operating in DT with a beryllium wall and a tungsten divertor. Concerning the capabilities of LIBS at pressure conditions relevant for ITER, quantitative determination of the composition of PFC materials at ambient pressures up to 100 mbar of N2, the D content could be determined with an accuracy of 25%, while for atmospheric pressure conditions, an accuracy of about 50% was found when using single-pulse lasers. To improve the LIBS performance in atmospheric pressure conditions, a novel approach is proposed for quantitative determination of the retained T and the D/T ratio. This scenario is based on measuring the LIBS plume emission at two different time delays after each laser pulse. On virtue of application of a double pulse LIBS system, for LIBS application at N2 atmospheric pressure the distinguishability of the spectra from H isotopes could be significantly improved, but further systematic research is required.

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Highly depth-resolved characterization of fusion-related tungsten material based on picosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the potential applications of picosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (ps-LIBS) in the nuclear fusion devices. The laser ablation behaviors and the spectral...

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

Monitoring of tritium and impurities in the first wall of fusion devices using a LIBS based diagnostic

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