Highly differentiated fluorine-rich, alkaline granitic magma linked to rare metal mineralization: A case study from the Boziguo’er rare metal granitic pluton in South Tianshan Terrane, Xinjiang, NW China

Huang, He; Wang, Tao; Zhang, Zhaochong; Li, Chao; Qin, Qie

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.04.021

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Fluornatropyrochlore from the Boziguoer rare-metal granites in China (the first finding of this mineral) differs from the samples we analyzed in higher concentrations of PbO (to 16.17 wt.%) and UO 2 (5.8-7.5 wt.%) [18,33] and much lower Na 2 O (5.5-8.5 wt.%) (Figures 4 and 5) at quite high Na/Ca ratios of 4.1-6.6. The F contents in the Boziguoer pyrochlore range within 4.6-7.1 wt.% or 1.25 to 1.63 apfu [33] exceeding the common value of 1 apfu at least by a factor of~1.5 requires additional explanation, as overestimation may lead to notable structure distortion.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

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Pyrochlore-Group Minerals in the Granite-Hosted Katugin Rare-Metal Deposit, Transbaikalia, Russia

et al. 2019

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Pyrochlore group minerals are the main raw phases in granitic rocks of the Katugin complex-ore deposit that stores Nb, Ta, Y, REE, U, Th, Zr, and cryolite. There are three main types: Primary magmatic, early postmagmatic (secondary-I), and late hydrothermal (secondary-II) pyrochlores. The primary magmatic phase is fluornatropyrochlore, which has high concentrations of Na2O (to 10.5 wt.%), F (to 5.4 wt.%), and REE2O3 (to 17.3 wt.%) but also low CaO (0.6–4.3 wt.%), UO2 (to 2.6 wt.%), ThO2 (to 1.8 wt.%), and PbO (to 1.4 wt.%). Pyrochlore of this type is very rare in nature and is limited to a few occurrences: Rare-metal deposits of Nechalacho in syenite and nepheline syenite (Canada) and Mariupol in nepheline syenite (Ukraine). It may have crystallized synchronously with or slightly later than melanocratic minerals (aegirine, biotite, and arfvedsonite) at the late magmatic stage when Fe from the melt became bound, which hindered the crystallization of columbite. Secondary-I pyrochlore follows cracks or replaces primary pyrochlore in grain rims and is compositionally similar to the early phase, except for lower Na2O concentrations (2.8 wt.%), relatively low F (4 wt.%), and less complete A- and Y-sites occupancy. Secondary-II pyrochlore is a product of late hydrothermal alteration, which postdated the formation of the Katugin deposit. It differs in large ranges of elements and contains minor K, Ba, Pb, Fe, and significant Si concentrations but also low Na and F. Its composition mostly falls within the field of hydro- and keno-pyrochlore.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Ternary classification diagrams (B-site) for pyrochlore-group minerals from the Katugin granites [14],[15],[33]. = fields of fluornatropyrochlores from literature[14,15,33], respectively. the same sample (2 to 5.5 wt.%; Na/Ca = 2-7.2), but is quite stable (2.3-2.8 wt.%; Na/Ca = 3.7-5) in pyrochlore from all aegirine granites (Figure 5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pyrochlore-Group Minerals in the Granite-Hosted Katugin Rare-Metal Deposit, Transbaikalia, Russia

et al. 2019

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“…In the absence of crustal contamination (Wang, Xu, et al, ), these ore‐forming elements are incorporated into the rock‐forming or accessory minerals during late stages of crystallization differentiation as magmatic evolution progresses. In alkaline/peralkaline igneous rocks, such as Thor Lake, Baerzhe, and Boziguoer, magmatism mainly enriches primary magmatic minerals, such as eudyalite, pyrochlore, monazite, zircon, columbite, and fergusenite, in Nb and REE (Huang et al, ; Sheard et al, ; Timofeev & Williams‐Jones, ; Yang et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a current controversy over the role that magmatism and post‐magmatic alteration play during HFSE and REE mineralization in alkaline igneous rocks. On the one hand, certain studies suggest that magmatism caused the formation of these deposits (Finch et al, ; Huang, Wang, Zhang, Li, & Qin, ; Huang, Zhang, Santosh, & Zhang, ; Kogarko, ; Kovalenko et al, ; Linnen & Keppler, ; Mccreath, Finch, Herd, & Armour‐Brown, ). On the other hand, studies have suggested that a combination of magmatism and post‐magmatic alteration resulted in the formation of these deposits (Kempe, Götze, Dandar, & Habermann, ; Salvi & Williams‐Jones, , , ; Schmitt, Trumbull, Dulski, & Emmermann, ; Sheard, Williams‐Jones, Heiligmann, Pederson, & Trueman, ; Wang, Zhao, & Chen, ; Yang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the pyrochlore in the Motzfeldt syenite‐hosted Nb–Ta deposit has a metamorphic structure (Finch et al, ; Mccreath et al, ). Post‐magmatic alteration, especially albitization and greisenization, in the Boziguo'er rare metal granite is ubiquitous (Huang et al, , ). Therefore, to varying degrees, both magmatic and hydrothermal processes have contributed to the origin of HFSE and REE deposits (Dostal, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical constraints on Nb–REE mineralization of the Zhujiayuan Nb (−REE) deposit in the North Daba Mountain, South Qinling, China

et al. 2019

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The trachyte-hosted Zhujiayuan deposit is located in the North Daba Mountain of South Qinling, China. In this deposit, the presence of different stages and genetic types of biotite, apatite, and rutile make it an excellent locality to constrain the mineralization process of Nb-REE in the alkaline igneous rock. In this study, supported by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), chemical analyses of biotite, apatite, rutile, columbite-group minerals, fersmite, monazite, and aeschynite-group minerals were presented. Three types of biotite were identified, including magmatic (Bt-1), reequilibrated (Bt-2), and hydrothermal biotite (Bt-3). Apatite can be divided into two types: magmatic (Ap-1) and hydrothermal apatite (Ap-2). Rutile can also be divided into two types: magmatic (Rt-1) and hydrothermal rutile (Rt-2). Rt-1 and Ap-1 contain average 1.44 wt% Nb 2 O 5 and 4.14 wt% LRE 2 O 3 , respectively, indicating that certain concentrations of Nb and REE were incorporated into the rutile and apatite, respectively, during the magmatic crystallization process. The distributions of the columbite-group, fersmite, monazite, and aeschynite-group minerals, as well as the compositional characteristics of monazite, indicate the important role of hydrothermal metasomatism during Nb-REE mineralization. The compositional characteristics of Bt-2 indicate relatively high F and Cl fugacities in the hydrothermal fluid. Bt-2 and Bt-3 both have higher Nb 2 O 5 content than Bt-1, indicating a higher Nb content in the fluid. The source of fluidic Nb likely derived from the metasomatism of magmatic rutile. The REE content decreased from Ap-1 to Ap-2, possibly due to a dissolutionreprecipitation process. The compositional changes from Bt-1 to Bt-3 and Ap-1 to Ap-2 also revealed a decrease in temperature, increase in oxygen fugacity, and increase in Ca content from the magmatic to the hydrothermal system. We speculate that rutile and apatite may have originally formed from an Nb-REE-rich alkalinesilicate melt derived from the metasomatized mantle, which led to the initial Nb-REE enrichment. Subsequent hydrothermal alteration by hydrothermal fluids rich in F and Cl, accompanied by changes in the above physical and chemical conditions and fluid composition, caused a relatively limited and localized remobilization of Nb-REE into the fractures and vesicles in the trachyte.

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REE mineralization related to carbonatites and alkaline magmatism in the northern Tarim basin, NW China: implications for a possible Permian large igneous province

Xie

Xiao

et al. 2021

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Highly differentiated fluorine-rich, alkaline granitic magma linked to rare metal mineralization: A case study from the Boziguo’er rare metal granitic pluton in South Tianshan Terrane, Xinjiang, NW China

Cited by 33 publications

References 86 publications

Pyrochlore-Group Minerals in the Granite-Hosted Katugin Rare-Metal Deposit, Transbaikalia, Russia

Pyrochlore-Group Minerals in the Granite-Hosted Katugin Rare-Metal Deposit, Transbaikalia, Russia

Mineralogical constraints on Nb–REE mineralization of the Zhujiayuan Nb (−REE) deposit in the North Daba Mountain, South Qinling, China

REE mineralization related to carbonatites and alkaline magmatism in the northern Tarim basin, NW China: implications for a possible Permian large igneous province

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