Highly diverse fibrinogen-related proteins in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Huang, Baoyu; Zhang, Linlin; Li, L i; Tang, Xueying; Zhang, Guofan

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.021

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In this study, we found the gene expression of FREPs were up-regulated signi cantly post bacterial challenge. Consistent with our study, up-regulation of FREPs were also reported in snail B. glabrata [28][29][30], amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri [31], mosquito Armigeres subalbatus [32], C. gigas [20], and Anopheles gambiae [33,34]. It is inferred that the FREPs found in this study can play important roles as PRRs in the innate immune response and inhibit infection from pathogens.…”

Section: Pattern Recognition Receptorssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This general classi cation of immune receptors is de ned by their ability to directly recognize different PAMPs such as lipopolyssacharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) from bacteria, β-1,3-glucan from fungi, or double-stranded RNA from viruses [18]. To date, several PPRs (e.g TLRs, brinogen-related proteins, LPS-binding proteins, peptidoglycan recognition proteins and scavenger receptors) have been reported from invertebrates, including C. gigas [19][20][21]. As reported here, numerous PPRs have been detected as presenting increased abundance in the C. gigas transcriptome following bacterial challenge.…”

Section: Pattern Recognition Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Paci c oyster Crassostrea gigas has a global distribution. Within the intertidal zone, C. gigas plays an important ecological role, however, it has also become a key commercial animal in many countries around the world [1]. In recent years, C.gigas farms in China have suffered from a high and unpredictable mortality that was found to be most detrimental during the early developmental stages of the oyster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Transcripts of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Larvae that Change in Expression as a Result of Bacteria Challenge

Fang¹,

Cai²,

Mao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Marine molluscs living in intertidal and estuarine areas, such as oysters, face numerous pathogen challenges during their development. Infection from bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, represents a major factor affecting larval development and frequently leads to high mortality of the pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The oyster immune response is known to play an important role in protecting the animal during development by mitigating the consequences of infection. Results: In this study, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of the immune response of C. gigas to V. alginolyticus challenge. We sequenced the transcriptome of C. gigas at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours post infection. After RNA-seq, the raw reads are available through the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under accession number PRJNA623063. After filtering, a total of 58.24 Gb clean reads were produced and assembled using the reference genome of C. gigas. The distribution of quality Q30 was higher than 90.88% for each sample and the GC content ranged from 41.27% to 42.91%. When compared with sequences in the COG, GO, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, and NR databases, there were 1267, 1112, 2187, 682, 1133 differentially expressed genes annotated at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post infection respectively. Numerous immune-related genes displayed differential expression that varied over time: toll-like receptors, tripartite motif proteins, Lectin-like factors, scavenger receptors, signaling pathway components such as Myeloid differentiation factor 88, and stress proteins such as Heat shock 70 kDa protein were all found to be higher in abundance following V. alginolyticus challenge compared to control. For analysis, these genes were divided into several categories such as pattern recognition receptors, fibrinogen-like proteins, damage associated molecular patterns, complement factors, etc. These general categories allowed us to generate an immune response profile for C. gigas over the first 72 hours of infection. These results indicate that bacterial infection induce a complex pattern of immune gene expression in C. gigas larvae. Conclusion: Our study will facilitate targeted investigation into the function of specific immune factors that may explain the diversity and evolution of invertebrate immune molecules and lead to the development of effective measures to improve the performance of oyster culture.

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Section: Pattern Recognition Receptorssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Pattern Recognition Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immune Transcripts of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Larvae that Change in Expression as a Result of Bacteria Challenge

Fang¹,

Cai²,

Mao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As in other invertebrates, invaders are detected via humoral and hemocyte-bound recognition factors, triggering the production of cytokines [7] that could mediate the recruitment of additional hemocytes, activation of phagocytosis and the production and/or release of a wide range of antimicrobial compounds. Recent research in bivalves supported the maternal transfer of immune protection [8], identified factors involved in hemocyte production [9; even though a hematopoeitic organ/tissue remains elusive], highlighted the diversity of immune recognition molecules [10][11][12] and supported a certain level of specific immune priming in bivalves [13,14].…”

Section: Most Prior Work On Bivalve Immunity Targeted Internal Immunementioning

confidence: 99%

Bivalve immunity and response to infections: Are we looking at the right place?

Allam

Espinosa

2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

127

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Significant progress has been made in the understanding of cellular and molecular mediators of immunity in invertebrates in general and bivalve mollusks in particular. Despite this information, there is a lack of understanding of factors affecting animal resistance and specific responses to infections. This in part results from limited consideration of the spatial (and to some extent temporal) heterogeneity of immune responses and very limited information on host-pathogen (and microbes in general) interactions at initial encounter/colonization sites. Of great concern is the fact that most studies on molluscan immunity focus on the circulating hemocytes and the humoral defense factors in the plasma while most relevant host-microbe interactions occur at mucosal interfaces. This paper summarizes information available on the contrasting value of information available on focal and systemic immune responses in infected bivalves, and highlights the role of mucosal immune factors in host-pathogen interactions. Available information underlines the diversity of immune effectors at molluscan mucosal interfaces and highlights the tailored immune response to pathogen stimuli. This context raises fascinating basic research questions around host-microbe crosstalk and feedback controls of these interactions and may lead to novel disease mitigation strategies and improve the assessment of resistant crops or the screening of probiotic candidates.

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“…FREP is a kind of Ig and fibrinogen-like (FBG) domain containing protein with high levels of sequence diversity, and it is involved in innate defense responses of invertebrates [ 22 ]. FREPs have been recently identified in a variety of mollusc, such as oyster C. gigas [ 19 , 23 ], snail Biomphalaria glabrata [ 24 , 25 ], and marine opisthobranch Aplysia californica [ 26 ]. There are about 190 predicted FREP genes with more than 200 FBG domains and 70 FBG-encoding genes identified in the genome of C. gigas [ 23 ] and Lottia gigantea [ 27 ], respectively.…”

Section: Canonical Carbohydrates Recognition Protein In Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen-Derived Carbohydrate Recognition in Molluscs Immune Defense

Wang

Song

Wang

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Self-nonself discrimination is a common theme for all of the organisms in different evolutionary branches, which is also the most fundamental step for host immune protection. Plenty of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with great diversity have been identified from different organisms to recognize various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the last two decades, depicting a complicated scene of host-pathogen interaction. However, the detailed mechanism of the complicate PAMPs–PRRs interactions at the contacting interface between pathogens and hosts is still not well understood. All of the cells are coated by glycosylation complex and thick carbohydrates layer. The different polysaccharides in extracellular matrix of pathogen-host are important for nonself recognition of most organisms. Coincidentally, massive expansion of PRRs, majority of which contain recognition domains of Ig, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), C-type lectin (CTL), C1q and scavenger receptor (SR), have been annotated and identified in invertebrates by screening the available genomic sequence. The phylum Mollusca is one of the largest groups in the animal kingdom with abundant biodiversity providing plenty of solutions about pathogen recognition and immune protection, which might offer a suitable model to figure out the common rules of immune recognition mechanism. The present review summarizes the diverse PRRs and common elements of various PAMPs, especially focusing on the structural and functional characteristics of canonical carbohydrate recognition proteins and some novel proteins functioning in molluscan immune defense system, with the objective to provide new ideas about the immune recognition mechanisms.

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Highly diverse fibrinogen-related proteins in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Immune Transcripts of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Larvae that Change in Expression as a Result of Bacteria Challenge

Immune Transcripts of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Larvae that Change in Expression as a Result of Bacteria Challenge

Bivalve immunity and response to infections: Are we looking at the right place?

Pathogen-Derived Carbohydrate Recognition in Molluscs Immune Defense

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