Highly Effective Methods of Obtaining N-Doped Graphene by Gamma Irradiation

Kamedulski, Piotr; Truszkowski, S.; Łukaszewicz, Jerzy P.

doi:10.3390/ma13214975

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Plachá et al reviewed graphene-based materials for various applications, such as biomedical applications [ 30 ]. Kamedulski et al described an effective method for obtaining N-doped graphene using gamma radiation [ 31 ]. Yu et al demonstrate the role of oxygen containing functional groups in performing water purification for graphene-oxide-based membranes [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphene, a two-dimensional nanosheet, is composed of carbon species (sp2 hybridized carbon atoms) and is the center of attention for researchers due to its extraordinary physicochemical (e.g., optical transparency, electrical, thermal conductivity, and mechanical) properties. Graphene can be synthesized using top-down or bottom-up approaches and is used in the electronics and medical (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors) fields as well as in photovoltaic systems. However, the mass production of graphene and the means of transferring monolayer graphene for commercial purposes are still under investigation. When graphene layers are stacked as flakes, they have substantial impacts on the properties of graphene-based materials, and the layering of graphene obtained using different approaches varies. The determination of number of graphene layers is very important since the properties exhibited by monolayer graphene decrease as the number of graphene layer per flake increases to 5 as few-layer graphene, 10 as multilayer graphene, and more than 10 layers, when it behaves like bulk graphite. Thus, this review summarizes graphene developments and production. In addition, the efficacies of determining the number of graphene layers using various characterization methods (e.g., transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and mapping, and spin hall effect-based methods) are compared. Among these methods, TEM and Raman spectra were found to be most promising to determine number of graphene layers and their stacking order.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of functional groups in graphene-based materials is important for medical application, especially those related to drug/gene/protein delivery systems and materials with antimicrobial properties [ 8 ]. N-doped graphene has a potential in electrochemical applications, particularly the development of anode or cathode materials for supercapacitors, metal–air batteries, and fuel cells [ 9 ]. On the other hand, the GO based nano filtration membranes enhance the dye rejection and antifouling property in wastewater treatment and seawater desalination [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Surface Chemistry of Graphene Oxide on the Structure–Property Relationship of Waterborne Poly(urethane urea) Adhesive

Tounici

Martı́n-Martı́nez

2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Small amounts—0.04 wt.%—graphene oxide derivatives with different surface chemistry (graphene oxide—GO-, amine-functionalized GO—A-GO-, reduced GO—r-GO) were added during prepolymer formation in the synthesis of waterborne poly(urethane urea) dispersions (PUDs). Covalent interactions between the surface groups on the graphene oxide derivatives and the end NCO groups of the prepolymer were created, these interactions differently altered the degree of micro-phase separation of the PUDs and their structure–properties relationships. The amine functional groups on the A-GO surface reacted preferentially with the prepolymer, producing new urea hard domains and higher percentage of soft segments than in the PUD without GO derivative. All GO derivatives were well dispersed into the PU matrix. The PUD without GO derivative showed the most noticeable shear thinning and the addition of the GO derivative reduced the extent of shear thinning differently depending on its functional chemistry. The free urethane groups were dominant in all PUs and the addition of the GO derivative increased the percentage of the associated by hydrogen bond urethane groups. As a consequence, the addition of GO derivative caused a lower degree of micro-phase separation. All PUs containing GO derivatives exhibited an additional thermal decomposition at 190–206 °C which was ascribed to the GO derivative-poly(urethane urea) interactions, the lowest temperature corresponded to PU+A-GO. The PUs exhibited two structural relaxations, their temperatures decreased by adding the GO derivative, and the values of the maximum of tan delta in PU+r-GO and PU+A-GO were significantly higher than in the rest. The addition of the GO derivative increased the elongation-at-break, imparted some toughening, and increased the adhesion of the PUD. The highest T-peel strength values corresponded to the joints made with PUD+GO and PUD+r-GO, and a rupture of the substrate was obtained.

show abstract

“…Figure 2 presents the XPS core levels of the GO and various rGO. The chemical components identified from the spectra were sp 2 -hybridized carbon (sp 2 -C), sp 3 -hybridized carbon (sp 3 [60,[62][63][64][65][66][67]. For the sample rGO-APPJ-5s, a feature at binding energy >290 eV was distinctively observed.…”

Section: Reduction In Gomentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) Discharge for the Reduction in Graphene Oxide Films and Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials

Kumar

Ibaceta-Jaña

Maticuic

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) are widely used in industry for surface cleaning and chemical modification. In the recent past, they have gained more scientific attention especially in the processing of carbon nanomaterials. In this work, a novel power generation technique was applied to realize the stable discharge in N2 (10 vol.% H2) forming gas in ambient conditions. This APPJ was used to reduce solution-processed graphene oxide (GO) thin films and the result was compared with an established and optimized reduction process in a low–pressure capacitively coupled (CCP) radiofrequency (RF) hydrogen (H2) plasma. The reduced GO (rGO) films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Effective deoxygenation of GO was observed after a quick 2 s treatment by AAPJ. Further deoxygenation at longer exposure times was found to proceed with the expense of GO–structure integrity. By adding acetylene gas into the same APPJ, carbon nanomaterials on various substrates were synthesized. The carbon materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Fullerene-like particles and graphitic carbon with short carbon nanotubes were detected on Si and Ag surfaces, respectively. We demonstrate that the APPJ tool has obvious potential for the versatile processing of carbon nanomaterials.

show abstract

Highly Effective Methods of Obtaining N-Doped Graphene by Gamma Irradiation

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

Influence of the Surface Chemistry of Graphene Oxide on the Structure–Property Relationship of Waterborne Poly(urethane urea) Adhesive

Applicability of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) Discharge for the Reduction in Graphene Oxide Films and Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About