The design and fabrication of a new effective manufacturing method of heteroatom-doped carbon materials is still ongoing. In this paper, we present alternative and facile methods to obtain N-rich graphene with the use of low energy gamma radiation. This method was used as a pure and facile method for altering the physical and chemical properties of graphene. The obtained materials have an exceptionally high N content—up to 4 wt %. (dry method) and up to 2 wt %. (wet method). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies allowed us to evaluate the quality of the obtained materials. The presented results will provide new insights in designing and optimizing N-doped carbon materials potentially for the development of anode or cathode materials for electrochemical device applications, especially supercapacitors, metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Nitrogen atoms are exclusively bonded as quaternary groups. The method is expandable to the chemical insertion of other heteroatoms to graphene, especially such as sulfur, boron or phosphorus.

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The well-known absorption band at 470 nm in CCl4-alkane systems is investigated. The results obtained are as follows;(1) The absorption band due to the radical cation of 5-methyldecane (5MD+) in 5MD-CC14-3MP systems converts into the 470-nm band. (2) In the conversion, the positive charge of the 5MD+ reacts with the unpaired electron of the CC13* radical. (3) CBrCl3 and CC13F in 3MP glasses produce the absorption bands at 480 and 438 nm, respectively, and the nature of these bands is the same with that of the 470-nm band in the all points examined. Results 1 and 2 lead to the formation of CC13+ cations. We also obtain evidence on the formation of CC13+ cations from CBrCl3 and CC12F+ cations from CC13F. It is evident that the band shift observed in the case of CBrCl3 is not attributable to the free ions CC13+ nor to the solvent-separated ion pairs Br~|solvent|CCl3+ but to the formation of charge-transfer contact ion pairs Br"-CCl3+. Therefore, it is concluded that CC14 and CC13F in 3MP produce Cr-CCl3+ and Cr-CC12F+, respectively. We also obtain the results that CBrF3, CC1F3, and CC12F2 in 3MP glasses yield the corresponding radical anions with absorption bands at 314, 300, and 314 nm, respectively, and that these radical anions are neutralized with the migrating positive charges of the 5MD+ formed.

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