Stable products and radicals in the radiolysis of dichloromethane and 1,1,-dichloroethane gamma-irradiated in an oxygen-free atmosphere

Truszkowski, S.; Szymański, W.

doi:10.1007/bf02061138

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Therefore, the interaction found with chlorine is likely to be one of the most important processes in explaining the stable behavior of astatine in chloroform upon evaporation. Radiolysis of dichloromethane also form a number of radiolysis products where chlorine atoms are intermediate products 46 , providing an explanation to the similar evaporation stability found in this solvent. Di-halogen and di-halogen binary astatine compounds such as AtI/AtBr and AtI 2 − /AtBr 2 − as well as a ternary halogen compound (IAtBr − ) have previously been shown to exist in aqueous solution 47 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Towards elucidating the radiochemistry of astatine – Behavior in chloroform

Aneheim

Palm

Jensen

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Targeted alpha therapy of disseminated cancer is an emerging technique where astatine-211 is one of the most promising candidate nuclides. Although astatine has been known for over 70 years, its chemistry is still largely unexplored, mainly due to the lack of stable or long-lived isotopes. However, substantial amounts of astatine-211 can be produced in cyclotrons by the bombardment of natural bismuth. The astatine can be recovered from the resulting irradiated target material through either wet extraction or dry-distillation. Chloroform has become an important intermediate solvent for the recovery of astatine after production, especially following dry distillation. In this work, the radiochemistry of astatine in chloroform was investigated using evaporation, solvent extraction, chromatographic methods and molecular modeling. The extraction of astatine in chloroform led to the formation of multiple astatine species, allowing for evaporation of the solvent to dryness without any loss of activity. Radiolysis products of chloroform were shown to play an important role in the speciation of astatine forming both reactive and kinetically stable compounds. It was hypothesized that reactions with chlorine, as well as trichloromethyl hydroperoxide, forming polar astatine compounds are important reactions under the current experimental conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Towards elucidating the radiochemistry of astatine – Behavior in chloroform

Aneheim

Palm

Jensen

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Unfortunately, this is not possible when considering dichloromethane radiolysis. Indeed, gamma-irradiation of dichloromethane leads to the generation of several transient species and stable products, such as (1, 1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane), which absorb light in the wavelength range 230-400 nm (Truszkowski and Szymański, 1994), causing an overlap with the absorption of 3HT as already observed in case of EDOT monomers (Bahry et al, 2018(Bahry et al, , 2020. Thus, in the present experimental conditions in dichloromethane solvent, it is not possible to determine in this way the initial radiolytic yield of 3HT oxidation, G ox , nor the irradiation dose, D max , needed for quantitative polymerization of 10 mM in 3HT monomers according to equation (2).…”

Section: Dose Effect Study Under N 2 and O 2 Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-induced polymerization of 3-hexylthiophene in oxygen-free and oxygen-saturated dichloromethane solvent

Bahry

Cui

Dazzi

et al. 2021

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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As alternative radiolytic approach, the synthesis of P3HT was made possible thanks to the oxidation of 3HT monomers by chloromethyl and dichloromethyl radicals or by their corresponding peroxyl radicals in situ produced by dichloromethane solvent radiolysis. Under two different experimental conditions, in oxygen-free solution and in oxygen-saturated solution, two different polymers, "P3HT N2 " and "P3HT O2 " respectively, were successfully synthesized. Both produced materials were discerned by several analytical and spectroscopic techniques. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy results showed that the radiolytic yield of 3HT oxidation in dichloromethane solvent is higher under O 2 atmosphere. Indeed, a dose of 75 kGy was needed to polymerize 10 mM in 3HT under N 2 atmosphere, meanwhile a dose of 35 kGy was sufficient to polymerize the same amount of 3HT under O 2 . The average molecular weight of P3HT O2 was found higher than that of P3HT N2 as revealed by SEC chromatography analysis. Also, P3HT O2 exhibits better thermal stability than P3HT N2 . ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed the specific presence into P3HT O2 polymers of some functional groups such as carbonyl, hydroxyl and carboxyl moieties, which clearly explains the difference between the morphological structures of P3HT N2 and P3HT O2 as highlighted by cryo-TEM, SEM and AFM microscopies. Finally, both radio-synthesized P3HT N2 and P3HT O2 polymers were found characterized by remarkably significant conductive, electronic and optical properties.

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“…Indeed, it has been demonstrated in the literature that the products of dichloromethane radiolysis in an oxygen-free atmosphere, namely (1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane), absorb light between 230 and 400 nm. 31 This evidently prevents the direct study of EDOT decay.…”

Section: Radiation Induced Synthesis Of Pedot and Dose Effect Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative radiolytic route for synthesizing conducting polymers in an organic solvent

et al. 2018

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Stable products and radicals in the radiolysis of dichloromethane and 1,1,-dichloroethane gamma-irradiated in an oxygen-free atmosphere

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Towards elucidating the radiochemistry of astatine – Behavior in chloroform

Towards elucidating the radiochemistry of astatine – Behavior in chloroform

Radiation-induced polymerization of 3-hexylthiophene in oxygen-free and oxygen-saturated dichloromethane solvent

An alternative radiolytic route for synthesizing conducting polymers in an organic solvent

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