Highly efficient and stable air-processed hole-transport-material free carbon based perovskite solar cells with caesium incorporation

Abstract

Cs containing triple cation HTM-free carbon based PSCs were fabricated out of a glovebox showing the best performance over 15%.

Carbon Counter Electrodes in Dye‐Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Although the CCE‐based HTL‐free PSC presents the most significant merits of low cost and simple fabrication procedure, the PCE value is still lower than that of the metal‐CE‐based PSC. In addition to investigating novel carbon materials and interface engineering techniques to optimize the interfacial contact and the energy level alignment, developing more stable inorganic perovskites, and exploring low‐temperature in‐air assembly techniques for the CCE‐based PSC are also significant for application‐oriented mass production where A is the electrode area, C is the concentration of redox species, n is the number of electrodes involved in the redox reaction, D is the diffusion coefficient, and v is the scan rate.…”

Carbon‐Electrode Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of Bulk Engineering and Interface Engineering on the Power Conversion Properties

“…Among the four kinds of CPSCs, planar and quasi‐planar CPSCs adopt architectures quite similar to metal PSCs; thus, bulk engineering of PVSK done in metal PSCs could be borrowed . However, it is different for the other two structures.…”

“…Thus, hole‐transporting‐material (HTM, or hole‐transport‐layer/HTL), on which metal‐electrodes‐based PSCs (noted by metal PSCs) are usually relied, is not necessarily used in CPSCs, leading to HTM‐free devices . From the pioneered works done by Han, Yang, Zhao, and coworkers, CPSCs have attracted ever‐increasing attention . As long as the formation process of PVSK is considered, four kinds of architectures have been adopted: meso CPSCs, embedment CPSCs, planar CPSCs, and quasi‐planar CPSCs.…”

Interfacial engineering with carbon–graphite–CuδNi1−δO for ambient-air stable composite-based hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells

“…The unsatisfactory efficiency of HCF-PSCs is mainly ascribed to low hole transport efficiency, high charge recombination, undesired energy band diagram match and imperfect contacts at the interface of the perovskite/carbon electrode as well as poor carbon adhesion and insufficient incident light by carbon electrodes. 9,10 In order to further improve the efficiency of HCF-PSCs, many efforts have been made for developing advanced and stable perovskite composites with organic or inorganic materials [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and designing novel device congurations with the interfacial engineering strategy. 10,[22][23][24][25][26] The perovskite-based composition engineering with a mixedcation/halide have signicantly enhanced optical and electronic properties, electron-hole extraction and transport as well as intrinsic hybrid-perovskite structure stability.…”

“…10,[22][23][24][25][26] The perovskite-based composition engineering with a mixedcation/halide have signicantly enhanced optical and electronic properties, electron-hole extraction and transport as well as intrinsic hybrid-perovskite structure stability. [12][13][14][15][27][28][29] Han et al pioneered HCF-PSCs based on mixed-cation or mixed-halide perovskites ((5-AVA) x MA 1Àx PbI 3Ày (BF 4 ) y , 5-AVA: 5-aminovaleric acid) by controlling the ratio of two cations or halides, thus endowing the corresponding cells with an improved PCE over 12% and operational stability. 12,13 Interestingly, Grancini et al showed that ultra-stable 2-dimensional/3-dimensional (2D/3D) perovskite-based composites (i.e., (HOOC(CH 2 ) 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 / MAPbI 3 ) could be formed via 5-AVAI composition engineering.…”