Highly Efficient and Stable Semi‐Transparent p‐i‐n Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited ZnO

Liu

Advanced Energy Materials

et al. 2020

103

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in the past decade and their power conversion efficiency has been rapidly increasing to 25.2%, which is comparable with commercialized solar cells. Currently, the long‐term stability of PSCs remains as a major bottleneck impeding their future commercial applications. Beyond strengthening the perovskite layer itself and developing robust external device encapsulation/packaging technology, integration of effective barriers into PSCs has been recognized to be of equal importance to improve the whole device’s long‐term stability. These barriers can not only shield the critical perovskite layer and other functional layers from external detrimental factors such as heat, light, and H2O/O2, but also prevent the undesired ion/molecular diffusion/volatilization from perovskite. In addition, some delicate barrier designs can simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability. In this review article, the research progress on barrier designs in PSCs for improving their long‐term stability is reviewed in terms of the barrier functions, locations in PSCs, and material characteristics. Regarding specific barriers, their preparation methods, chemical/photoelectronic/mechanical properties, and their role in device stability, are further discussed. On the basis of these accumulative efforts, predictions for the further development of effective barriers in PSCs are provided at the end of this review.

Section: Stable Nonmetal Electrodes As Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stable Nonmetal Electrodes As Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stable Nonmetal Electrodes As Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Barrier Designs in Perovskite Solar Cells for Long‐Term Stability

Liu

Advanced Energy Materials

et al. 2020

103

Chemical Vapor Deposition for Nanotechnology

“…Such high throughput characteristic of SALD is of high relevance for organic-based PV technology. Recently, it has also been shown that SnO x and ZnO films deposited by SALD can have a beneficial impact on the stability of hybrid perovskite solar cells [62,69].…”

Section: Taking Advantage Of Saldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intrinsic metal oxides HfO 2 [11] Al 2 O 3 [14-16, 19-21, 26, 31, 35-50] ZnO [18,36,39,45,46,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] SnO x [68,69] TiO 2 [14,18,[70][71][72] Cu 2 O [46,73,74] Nb 2 O 5 [71] NiO x [91] ZrO 2 [92,93] MoO x [94] Doped SALD has also been used for LEDs, in some cases to deposit active ZnO layers for polymer and hybrid perovskite-based diodes [54,76], and in another case using Al 2 O 3 as permeation barrier for flexible organic LEDs [49]. Other authors have also demonstrated the suitability of SALD for depositing barrier and encapsulation layers both on plastic and paper substrates [14,31,40,48].…”

Section: Materials Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition

Muñoz‐Rojas¹,

Nguyễn²,

Huerta³

et al. 2019

In conventional atomic layer deposition (ALD), precursors are exposed sequentially to a substrate through short pulses while kept physically separated by intermediate purge steps. Spatial ALD (SALD) is a variation of ALD in which precursors are continuously supplied in different locations and kept apart by an inert gas region or zone. Film growth is achieved by exposing the substrate to the locations containing the different precursors. Because the purge step is eliminated, the process becomes faster, being indeed compatible with fast-throughput techniques such as roll-to-roll (R2R), and much more versatile and easier and cheap to scale up. In addition, one of the main assets of SALD is that it can be performed at ambient pressure and even in the open air (i.e., without using any deposition chamber at all), while not compromising the deposition rate. In the present chapter, the fundamentals of SALD and its historical development are presented. Then, a succinct description of the different engineering approaches to SALD developed to date is provided. This is followed by the description of the particular fluid dynamics aspects and the engineering challenges associated with SALD. Finally, some of the applications in which the unique assets of SALD can be exploited are described.

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

2021

PV technologies need to advance further in terms of a substantial increase in PV module power generation, reduction in module prices, and improvement in long-term reliability, eventually realizing low levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) that are compatible with standard electricity prices in the energy market. The PV industry's future development necessitates increased attention to emerging techniques with the potential to achieve high power generation at low costs.Increasing the power output per unit area of solar panels at low additional manufacturing costs is crucial for further lowering the PV-generated electricity price. One of the simplest and inexpensive strategies for increasing the power output density of a solar panel is to harvest reflected and diffuse sunlight from the ground by employing bifacial designs. The concept of bifacial solar cells can date back to the 1960s, but the momentum to bring bifacial solar panels to the market has been gradually realized in the last decade as one of the latest technological advances in PV manufacturing. [4] The mainstream crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV module manufacturers are now producing bifacial silicon solar modules based on different cell technologies. The trend shows that bifacial solar cells and modules are increasingly important in today's PV market and may soon become the cost-effective PV standard. [5] Unlike c-Si solar cells, efficient bifacial designs have not been demonstrated in commercial inorganic thin-film PV technologies because the polycrystalline inorganic thin films suffer from short carrier lifetimes and high rear surface recombination, limiting their bifacial PV performance. Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have generated great interest in the PV research and industry, owing to their fast-growing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), [6] outstanding optoelectronic properties, [7] ease of production, [8] low estimated manufacturing costs, [9] and readiness to take steps toward commercialization. [10] Within a decade, PSCs have rapidly evolved from a newcomer to a leading competitor to rival other established PV technologies.The development of PSCs opens up a golden opportunity to realize efficient bifacial thin-film solar cells. Figure 1 depicts the bifacial architecture for PSCs, summarizes the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites that enable high bifacial performance, and highlights the advantages of bifacial Bifacial solar cells hold the potential to achieve a higher power output per unit area than conventional monofacial devices without significantly increasing manufacturing costs. However, efficient bifacial designs are challenging to implement in inorganic thin-film solar cells because of their short carrier lifetimes and high rear surface recombination. The emergence of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) technology creates a golden opportunity to realize efficient bifacial thin-film solar cells, owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and unique features of device physics. More importantly, transparent cond...