Highly efficient electrocatalysts derived from carbon black supported non-precious metal macrocycle catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Electrolyte accessibility of non-precious-metal catalysts with different spherical particle sizes under alkaline conditions for oxygen reduction reaction

“…Although the specific surface area of the FeNC_151 was larger than those of the other FeNC and NC catalysts, its performance did not improve because the surface covered with protrusions lacked the necessary active sites [42 , 43] . This result is different from the general expectation, implying that the type and density of the active sites are more important factors than the specific surface area for determining ORR performance [44] .…”

Penta-coordinated transition metal macrocycles as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

“…Porphyrins and phthalocyanines have been used as electrodes and have been reported for a wide range of reactions such as the ORR [32,[37][38][39][40], reduction of CO 2 [41][42][43][44][45], and the oxidation of H 2 O 2 and hydrazine [46,47] organic [48][49][50][51][52], biological [53,54] and inorganic compounds [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62], as well as other forms of bio-mimicking [63,64]. They are also interesting since they may be readily bound to the surface of electrode materials such as carbon nanomaterials [23,28,34,48,49,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] and inorganic materials [74][75][76] or polymerized [44,70,…”

Identifying the Zn–Co binary as a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions via shifting the apexes of the volcano plot

“…Single-atom catalysts (SACs) overwhelm with maximum atomic utilization efficiency, which tremendously promote the reaction activity and selectivity in a variety of catalytic processes, i.e., the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and even the bior tri-functionality [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. As one of the typical SACs, the MN x moiety (where M represents a non-precious transition metal) hosted by carbon has recently emerged as a rising star, whose performance can be further boosted with an evolutionary bimetallic architecture, M 1 M 2 N x [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. For instance, CoN 4 center has been widely recognized as promising Pt-free catalyst for the ORR, yet it suffers from insufficient durability, especially at the desirable high voltages (>0.6 V), which hinders its practical applications [21][22][23].…”