Synthesis of diphenylmethane (DPM) from benzene and benzyl chloride with acidic ionic liquids, such as (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 , (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-ZnCl 2 , (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-FeCl 3 , and (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-CuCl 2 , as catalysts was investigated. The results showed that (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 is a highly efficient catalyst. Both the yield and the selectivity of DPM reached up to 100% in the presence of (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 as catalyst, when the reaction was carried out at ambient conditions.

A novel solid acid was prepared from boric, phosphorous and sulfuric acid by a simple method, and characterized by FT-IR, XRD and TG. Surprisingly, the prepared solid acid is an effective catalyst for the synthesis of bisphenol A from condensation of phenol with acetone. The high conversion of acetone (91.8%) and selectivity of bisphenol A (93.4%) were achieved in the presence of the novel catalyst.

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The entire reaction mechanism for the gas-phase CO(C∞v, 1 Σ + ) + N2O(C∞v, 1 Σ) → N2 (D∞h, 1 Σ + g) + CO2(D∞h, 1 Σg + ) catalytic reaction by the bare Cu + are discussed by the density function theory(DFT). The calculated results explicitly indicated that the reaction exist spin-forbidden phenomenon between the singlet and the triplet potential energy surfaces (PESs). Two crossing points (CP1 and CP2) which play a significant role in this catalytic reaction. The values of the spin-orbit coupling constants are 673.1 cm -1 at CP1 and 284.2 cm -1 at CP2, which indicate that the spin crossing process can occur efficiently due to the large spin-orbit coupling involved. This process made the value of activation energy reduce 108.5 kJ/mol, which are helpful for the reaction on kinetics and thermodynamics.

As an organic pseudocapacitive active material, 2, 3‐Dichloro‐1, 4‐naphthoquinone (DNQ) was used in supercapacitors. Graphene with unique structures and high electrical conductivity acts as substrate. DNQ non‐covalently modified graphene composite material (DNQ@rGO) was synthesized through the simple solvothermal synthesis. The redox reaction between naphthol and naphthoquinone occurs on reduced graphene oxide(rGO), which forms an ideal pseudocapacitance without destroying its sp2 network. The optimal DNQ@rGO electrode material obtained the specific capacitance of 361.2 Fg−1 at 5 mV s−1 in 1 mol L−1 H2SO4 and exhibited excellent rate capability (capacitance retention of 87.5 % at 100 mV s−1) in the three‐electrode system. We also prepared holey layered oxygen‐rich graphene hydrogels (HLGH) material, whose electrochemical performance is superior to traditional three‐dimensional (3D) graphene hydrogels (GH). Finally, two asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were assembled by using the DNQ@rGO (positive electrode), the HLGH and GH (negative electrode). The results show that the ASC with HLGH as negative electrode achieved the high energy and power densities due to the perfect matching of capacitance and kinetics between the positive and negative electrodes. The specific capacitance was almost no loss after 4700 cycles, showing the excellent stability.