Highly efficient high temperature electrolysis

Hauch, Anne; Ebbesen, Sune Dalgaard; Jensen, Søren Højgaard; Mogensen, Mogens Bjerg

doi:10.1039/b718822f

Cited by 448 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The obvious route is to increase the temperature substantially. For example, cells with a highly concentrated KOH electrolyte and operating at up to 700 K, and at high pressure show much reduced overpotentials for oxygen evolution [163,164] and significant reduction in the cell voltage. Development to commercial technology will, however, require identification of novel, stable materials.…”

Section: Conclusion and The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Pletcher

2011

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

304

193

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Section: Conclusion and The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Pletcher

2011

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

304

193

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“…Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) as an electrochemical device to convert electricity of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind power, hydropower and geothermal power into chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen and syngas has attracted increasing interests due to the depleting fossil fuel sources, high oil prices and environmental considerations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In the case of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, steam is introduced to the hydrogen electrode side where it is reduced to hydrogen, while the oxygen ions are migrated through the electrolyte to the air electrode side where they combine to form pure oxygen. Co-electrolysis of steam and CO 2 in an SOEC yields synthesis gas (CO+H 2 ) which in turn can be catalysed to various types of synthetic fuels (such as methane and methanol).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Pan

Chen

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Ni-Y 2 O 3 stabilized ZrO 2 (Ni-YSZ) cermet is the most commonly used hydrogen electrode for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) under solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode and water reduction reaction (WRR) under solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode. Here we studied the electrocatalytic activity of Ni-YSZ electrodes as a function of Ni content, water concentration and dc bias for WRR and HOR under SOEC and SOFC modes, respectively. The activity of Ni-YSZ cermet increases significantly with the increase of YSZ content due to the enhanced three phase boundaries (TPB). The electrode activity for the WRR and in less degree for the HOR increases with the increase of steam concentration. The electrode polarization resistance, R E , for the WRR increases with the dc bias, while in the case of HOR, R E decreases with the dc bias, demonstrating that kinetically the WRR and HOR is not reversible on the Ni-YSZ cermet electrodes under SOFC and SOEC operation modes. The WRR can be described by two electrode processes associated with the H 2 O adsorption and diffusion on the oxygen-covered Ni or YSZ surface in the vicinities of TPB, followed by the charge transfer. The significant increase of high frequency electrode polarization resistance, R H and in much less extent low frequency electrode polarization resistance, R L with the dc bias indicates that the water electrolysis reaction is kinetically controlled by the reactant supply (e.g., the adsorbed H 2 O species) limited charge transfer process. Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) as an electrochemical device to convert electricity of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind power, hydropower and geothermal power into chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen and syngas has attracted increasing interests due to the depleting fossil fuel sources, high oil prices and environmental considerations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In the case of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, steam is introduced to the hydrogen electrode side where it is reduced to hydrogen, while the oxygen ions are migrated through the electrolyte to the air electrode side where they combine to form pure oxygen. Co-electrolysis of steam and CO 2 in an SOEC yields synthesis gas (CO+H 2 ) which in turn can be catalysed to various types of synthetic fuels (such as methane and methanol). [8][9][10][11] SOECs are reversible operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and therefore in principle the electrode and electrolyte materials developed for SOFCs can be utilized for SOECs.Similar to SOFCs, Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) cermets are the most common hydrogen electrodes for SOECs, due to its high electrical conductivity, high electrocatalytic activity, high thermal and structural stability and low price.1,12-14 The incorporation of electrocatalytically active nanoparticles such as doped ceria oxides and Rh metal in the Ni-YSZ hydrogen electrodes enhances the ionic conductivity and three phase boundaries (TPBs), and thus substantially enhances the electrocatalytic activity and/or stability fo...

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“…[3][4][5][6] In principle, SOEs work in the reverse manner of high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). 6 A cathode of an electrochemical cell is the electrode where reduction reaction occurs, and an anode is where oxidation reaction occurs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolysis of Carbon Dioxide in a Solid Oxide Electrolyzer with Silver-Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Cathode

Xie

Xiao

Liu

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Splitting CO 2 into CO and pure O 2 at high temperature through solid oxide electrolyzers (SOEs) could provide an efficient way for energy storage and CO 2 utilization. Tubular solid oxide electrolysis cells, with yttrium-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) as electrolyte, strontium-doped lanthanate (LSM) as anode, cermet of Ag-GDC (gadolinium-doped-ceria) as cathode, is fabricated and operated as SOEs for electrolysis of pure CO 2 . Such an SOE shows a minimum electrolyzing voltage of 0.70 V and a current density of 1359 mA cm −2 at 2 V. Its CO production rates are 3.1, 6.6 and 10.0 mL min −1 at electrical currents of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 A, respectively, at 800 • C. The corresponding Faraday efficiencies are 88.6%, 94.3%, and 95.2%, and the electrical energy conversion efficiencies are 75.4%, 65.2%, and 56.5%, respectively. An SOE with Ag-GDC electrode is steadily operated at 1.59 V for pure CO 2 electrolysis at 800 • C for 18 h, suggesting that Ag-GDC is a promising cathode material for SOEs of CO 2 electrolysis. Energy storage plays an extremely important role in peak load shifting of traditional power plant and in effective application of intermittent renewable energies such as solar, wind, and tide, etc.1,2 Solid oxide electrolyzers (SOEs) have attracted more and more attention in recent years due to their environmental-friendliness and high efficiency in storing energy by converting electrical energy into chemicals such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide through electrolysis of water or carbon dioxide. [3][4][5][6] In principle, SOEs work in the reverse manner of high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). 6 A cathode of an electrochemical cell is the electrode where reduction reaction occurs, and an anode is where oxidation reaction occurs. An electrode functioning as the anode of an SOFC will work as the cathode when the cell is operated in an SOE mode. At the same time, the cathode of the SOFC is shifted to be the anode of the SOE. Nevertheless, the electrode on the air or oxygen side always has a higher potential than that on the fuel (or CO 2 rich or H 2 O rich) side. The former electrode can be called as oxygen electrode or positive electrode (+) and the latter fuel electrode or negative electrode (−), as marked in Fig. 1. Using external electricity, SOEs are able to electrochemically convert steam to hydrogen and carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide at the fuel electrode. At the same time, pure oxygen can be obtained at the oxygen electrode.While high temperature steam electrolysis has got great progress in producing hydrogen, which is a well-known green alternative energy carrier, 7-12 CO 2 electrolysis using the SOEs for CO 2 capture and storage as well as utilization has also attracted increasing research interests due to the great concern of global climate changes caused by the greenhouse effect.13-20 CO produced from CO 2 electrolysis at the cathode of an SOE can be used as the fuel of an SOFC for generating electricity or as a feed stock for producing synthetic fuel via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. 16 Pure oxy...

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Highly efficient high temperature electrolysis

Cited by 448 publications

References 62 publications

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Electrolysis of Carbon Dioxide in a Solid Oxide Electrolyzer with Silver-Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Cathode

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Highly efficient high temperature electrolysis

Cited by 448 publications

References 62 publications

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Prospects for alkaline zero gap water electrolysers for hydrogen production

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y2O3-ZrO2Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Electrolysis of Carbon Dioxide in a Solid Oxide Electrolyzer with Silver-Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Cathode

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Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells