Highly efficient multielement flame retardant for multifunctional epoxy resin with satisfactory thermal, flame‐retardant, and mechanical properties

Abstract

Multifunctional epoxy resins with excellent, thermal, flame‐retardant, and mechanical properties are extremely important for various applications. To solve this challenging problem, a novel highly efficient multielement flame retardant (PMSBA) is synthesized and the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of modified epoxy resins are greatly enhanced without significantly altering their and thermal properties by applying the as‐synthesized PMSBA. The limiting oxygen index value reaches up to 29.6% and could pass the V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test with even low P content (0.13%). Furthermore, cone calorimetry results demonstrate that 30.3% reduction in the peak heat release rate for the sample with 10.0 wt% PMSBA is achieved. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicate that Si‐C, Si‐N, and phosphoric acid derivative can be transformed into a multihole and intumescent char layer as an effective barrier, preserving the epoxy resin structure from fire. More importantly, mechanical properties such as impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength are also increased by 63.86%, 33.54%, and 15.65%, respectively, which show the incorporation of PMSBA do not deteriorate the mechanical properties of modified epoxy resins. All the results show that PMSBA is a promising strategy for epoxy resin with satisfactory, thermal, flame‐retardant, and mechanical properties.

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

“…However, EPs are also flammable, and this limits their practical applicability 6 . Therefore, improving the flame retardancy of EPs has been an area of focus for researchers for several years 7‐10 …”

Synthesis of High-Efficiency, Eco-Friendly, and Synergistic Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin

“…For the O 1s spectra (Figure 9b), two peaks are observed, which are attributed to the C=O/P=O (531.7 eV) or/and C-O-C (533.5 eV) groups. The P 2p peak in Figure 9c, which appears around 132.1 eV, is attributed to the P-O-C/PO3 structure, which is derived from DOPO decomposition [11]. The peaks spectrum for N 1s (Figure 9d) are attributed to C-N (397.0 eV), C=N (397.8 eV), N-Si (398.5 eV), and oxidized N compounds (399.6 eV), respectively [11,61].…”

“…Nevertheless, the inherent flammability of EP might pose a serious threat to the environment, people's life and property, and severely limits its further application in automobile, household, and aerospace fields. Therefore, the flame-resistance modification for EP has attracted much attention [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

From laboratory to industrialization: Eco‐friendly flame retardant endowing epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, transparency, and mechanical properties

“…Thereinto, phosphorus‐based flame retardants have the advantages of high flame retardant efficiency, low smoke emissions and low toxicity, and are regarded as ideal flame retardants 9,10 . The effect of phosphorus‐based flame retardants is reflected in the gas and condensed phases, which has been demonstrated by a large number of researchers 11,12 . For one thing, the reactive radicals (PO, HPO 2 and HPO radicals) produced by the decomposition of P‐based flame retardants trap the radicals (H and HO radicals) produced by the combustion of EP, reducing the generation of flammable gases 13,14 .…”

“…9,10 The effect of phosphorus-based flame retardants is reflected in the gas and condensed phases, which has been demonstrated by a large number of researchers. 11,12 For one thing, the reactive radicals (PO, HPO 2 and HPO radicals) produced by the decomposition of P-based flame retardants trap the radicals (H and HO radicals) produced by the combustion of EP, reducing the generation of flammable gases. 13,14 For another, P-based flame retardant is oxidized to P x O y , which combines with water generated by the decomposition of EP to obtain phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid, further participating in formation of residual carbon.…”